2024剑桥雅思讲义Reading-eBook.docx

《2024剑桥雅思讲义Reading-eBook.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2024剑桥雅思讲义Reading-eBook.docx（142页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。

1、IELTSWritingAcademybyIELTSAdVantAgeTheCompleteAtoZGuidetoIELTSReadingIELTSWritingAcademytyLTSA0whM0Clickonthewordstojumptothepage:IntroductionTheReadingTestReadingTipsQuestionTypesI. ShortAnswerII. MultipleChoiceIII. SummaryCompletionIV. MatchingSentencesV. SentenceCompletionVI. True/False/NotGivenV

2、II. Yes/No/NotGivenVIII. MatchingHeadingsIX. LabellingaDiagramX. MatchingNamesXI. MatchingInformationXII. TableCompletionContentsReadingSkillsSkimmingSkimmingStrategiesScanningScanningStrategiesCloseReadingDealingwithnewwordsContextTopicSentencesVocabularyBuildingOnlineResourcesPracticeFillingoutthe

3、answersheetIELTS Writing AcademyIntrodHowcanthisbookhelpyouwithyourreadiListeningandreadingareconsideredtheasy,partsoftheIELTStest,butthisdoesnotmeanthattheydonotrequirepreparation.Thisbookprovidesyouwiththemeansofpreparingfullyforthereadingtest.ItisdesignedasacompleteA-to-Zguideandshouldbereadinits

4、entirety.Ifyouarereadingthisbook,youalreadyhavetherequiredlevelofEnglishtodowellinbothtests.Whatyouareprobablylackingisasoundknowledgeofthestrategiesneededtogetveryhighmarks.uctionng?Thisbookwilltakeyoustep-by-stepthroughthedifferentsub-skillsthatarerequiredandthedifferentstrategiesIsuggestfordealin

5、gwithallofthedifferentquestiontypes.Thebookwillshowyou: Theformatofthetest Generaltipsandcommonmistakes Strategiesforallquestiontypes Thereadingsub-skillsthataretested Howtoimproveyourreadingskills HowtoimproveyourvocabularyTheReadingTestThreereadingtexts.Atotalofbetween2000-2700words.40questions.1h

6、ourtoanswerthem.Thetextsandquestionsgetmoredifficultasthetestprogresses.Eachreadingtextwillhave3-4differenttypesofquestion.Youhavenotimetotransferyouranswersattheend.AcademicThetextsaretakenfromjournals,magazines,books,textbooksandnewspapers.Thetextsareofanacademicnature,butyoudonotrequireaspecialis

7、tknowledgeofthesubjectstodowellinthetest.GeneralTrainingThetextsaretakenfromgeneralsources,suchasadverts,notices,governmentdocuments,manuals,leaflets,booksandmagazines.ThetextsareintendedtotestapersonsabilitytocopewitheverydaylifeinanEnglishspeakingcountry.IELTSWritingAcademy2016.Allrightsreserved.R

8、eadingTipsHowtousethese.ThesetipsaresimplytogiveyouanintroductiontoIELTSreading.Theyarenotintendedtobetheonlydocumentyoulookat.ManyIELTSstudentsthinkthat/tipsaretheonlythingstheyneedtogetagoodscore.Theyarenot.Makesureyouusetheseasanintroductionandusetherestofthedocumenttoreallyprogress.Timeisyourene

9、my.Useitwisely.Beawareofwhatsubskillstheyaretestingineachquestion.Eachdifferentquestiontyperequiresadifferentstrategy.budon,thavetounderstandeveryword.Acceptthatyouwo,tknoweverything.Read,readandthenreadsomemore.Practicemakesperfect.ReadtheinstructionsVERYcarefully.Improveyourvocabularyandyou,llimpr

10、oveyourreadingscore.0Don,twastetoomuchtimeononequestion.Ifyoudo,tknowtheanswer;moveon.Question Type # ShortAnswerQuestionsThesequestionsareoftencalledcomprehension7questionsandtheyareverycommoninEnglishclassroomsallovertheworld.Moststudentshaveansweredthesekindsofquestionsbeforeand,forthisreason,mos

11、tstudentstendtodoquitewellwiththem.Herearetheskillstestedforthesetypesofquestion:Abilitytoskimthepassagequicklyandunderstandoverallmeaning.OAbilitytoscanforspecificinformation.Understandingthequestionbeingasked.Thinkingofpossiblesynonymsandparaphrasesofkeywords.Commonproblems:Lackofawarenessofsynony

12、msandparaphrasing.Goingoverthewordlimit.Readingeverysinglewordinsteadofskimmingandscanning.Panickingwhenyouseeawordorphraseyoudon,tunderstand.TipsforshortanswerquestionsTheanswersappearinthesameorderasthetext.Lookatandunderstandthequestionsfirst,beforeyoustartreadingthetext.Whatisthequestionactually

13、asking?Youwillprobablybegivenawordlimit,forexamplezNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBER/Makesureyoudontgooverthislimit.Theanswersdonotneedtobegrammaticallycorrect,justshortanswers.Don/tgiveyouropinion,justgivetheanswerthatisinthetext.Keywordsinthequestionwillnormallybenounsornounphrases.Whenyoufindyour

14、keywords,alwaysthinkaboutsynonymsandparaphrases.StrategyforShortAnswerQuestions.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandnotethewordlimit.2. Readandunderstandthequestions.Thinkabouttheinformationyouwillneedtofind.3. Underlineanykeywordsinthequestions.4. Thinkaboutsynonymsorparaphrasesforthesekeywords.5. Findt

15、hepartofthetextthequestionrelatesto.6. Readthequestionagain.7. Readthesectioncontainingtheanswercarefullyandidentifytheanswer.8. Continuewiththenextquestionandrepeatuntilfinished.Question Type # 2MultipleChoiceQuestionsOnboththeacademicandgeneralIELTSreadingpapersyouarelikelytobeaskedmultiplechoiceq

16、uestions(MCQs).Youjobistosimplychoosethecorrectanswerfromalistofpossiblechoices.Herearetheskillstestedforthesetypesofquestion:Understandingthemainideascontainedinatext.OAbiIitytoscanforspecificinformation.Readingindetailforunderstanding.Differentiatingbetweentwoormorepossibleanswers.Commonproblems:R

17、eadingthetextbeforelookingatthequestions.Notansweringthequestionsatall.Beingtrickedbydistractors,suchasqualifyingwords.Notreadingtlequestionsortextcarefully.Be aware of zdistractorsz.Don/t panic if you dont know anything about the topic.Try to predict the correct answer before you read the text.Care

18、fully read all of the options before making your final decision.The answers will be in the same order as the text.TipsformultiplechoicequestionsReadthequestionsbeforeyoureadthetext.Alwayswriteananswer.Itisbettertoguessthannotansweratall.Trytonarrowthechoicesdownto2or3outofthe4possibleanswers.Thiswil

19、lincreaseyouroddsofgettingthequestioncorrect.Ifyouareunsureofthemeaning,tryrephrasingtheanswersinyourownwords.eltsw-cademyStrategyforMultipleChoiceQuestions1. Readthequestionscarefully.2. Skimthetexttogetthegeneralmeaning.3. Underlineanykeywordsinthequestion,andthinkaboutanysynonymsthatmightappearin

20、thetext.4. Readthechoicesandunderlineanykeywords.Thinkaboutthedifferencesinmeaningbetweenthedifferentchoices.5. Predictthecorrectanswer.6. Readthetextand,usingkeywordsandsynonyms,locatethepartcontainingtheanswers.7. Readthatpartofthetextverycarefully,thinkingaboutthedifferenceinmeanings.8. Don,tonly

21、thinkaboutwhichoptionsarecorrect,butthinkabouthowtheotheroptionsarewrong.9. Gobackandreadthequestionagain,thenmarkyourfinalchoice.Question Type # 3SummaryCompletionYouwillbegivenasummaryofinformationfromthetextandtherewillbesomegapsinthatsummary.Youwilleitherbegivenalistofwordstofillthegapswith,oras

22、kedtofindtheanswersinthereadingtext.Yourjobistoinsertsomeofthewordsfromthelistintothegaps,or;ifasked,tofillthegapswithwordsfromthetext.Therewillbemorewordsinthelistthanrequiredtofillthegaps.Skillstested:OScanningforthecorrectinformationinthetext.Beingabletoidentifysynonymsandparaphrases.Understandin

23、gthegeneralmeaningofthesummary.Commonproblems:Tryingtofullyunderstandeverypartofthetext.Notbeingawareofsynonymsandparaphrasing.Ignoringcorrectuseofgrammar.Copyingwordsfromthetextinsteadofusingsynonymsorparaphrase.TipsforsummarycompletionTrytopredicttheanswersbeforeyoulookattheoptionsorthetext.Thiswi

24、llhelpyouspotthecorrectanswer.Shouldthegapbefilledwithaverb,anoun,anadjectiveoranadverb?Ifyouranswermakesthesentencegrammaticallywrong,thenyouhavethewronganswer.Dont spend too much time looking for the answer to one question. If you can,t find it, mark what you think it might be and move on. Focusin

25、g on the easier answers is a better use of your time.If you get a list of words, think about the ones that can,t be the correct answer because of meaning or grammar. You can then eliminate these words.Lookforsynonymsandparaphrasesinthetextratherthanwordsthatmatchdirectly.StrategyforSummaryCompletion

26、.Readthequestioncarefully.Notehowmanywordsyoucanwrite(normallyone,twoorthree),andifyoushouldgetthewordsfromthereadingtextoralist.2. Skimthesummaryandtrytounderstandtheoverallmeaning.3. Trytopredicttheanswersbeforeyoulookatthereadingtext.Also,thinkaboutthewordtype(noun,verb,adjective)thatshouldbeincl

27、uded.4. Ifyouhavealistofwords,trytoguesswhich2or3theanswermightbe.Payattentiontowordsthatcollocatewellwiththewordsinthesentence.5. Identifywhichpartofthereadingtextthesummaryrelatesto.Scanningforsynonymsfromthesummarywillhelpyoudothis.6. Lookatthatpartofthesectionmorecarefullyandchoosethecorrectansw

28、er.Remembertobecarefulwithsynonyms.7. Checktoseeifyourwordmakesthesentencegrammaticallycorrect.Question Type # 4MatchingSentencesYouwillbegivenalistofincompletesentenceswithnoendingsandanotherlistwithpossibleendings.Yourjobistomatchtheincompletesentenceswiththecorrectendingbasedonthereadingtext.This

29、isnotoneofthemorecommonquestions,butshouldbestudiedallthesame.Skillstested:Prediction.Beingabletoidentifysynonymsandparaphrases.Understandinghowtheideasinthesentencesareconnectedtothemainideasinthereadingtext.Commonproblems:Notreadingorfullyunderstandingthecorrectpartsoftlereadingtext.Notbeingawareo

30、fsynonymsandparaphrasing.Lookingfortheexactwordsinthereadingtext,ratlerthansynonyms.Tryingtocompletethesentencesusinglogicorgrammar,rathertlanusingthereadingtext.TipsformatchingsentencesTheanswersareinthesameorderinthetextastheyareinthequestions.Locatequestiononefirst,andthenyouknowwheretobegin.Tryt

31、opredicthoweachsentencewillendbeforeyoulookattheendings.Startwiththeincompletesentencesfirstbeforeyoulookattheendingsorthetext.Therearemoreendingsthanrequired,solookingatalloftheseindetailisawasteoftime.Spendmoretimeonthefirstquestionbecausethiswillbethemostdifficult.Thinkofsynonymsandparaphrasestha

32、ttheexaminerscouldbeusinginsteadoftheexactsamewords.Allofthesentenceendingsappearinthetext,butyoudontneedtoreadallofthem,justtheonesthatyoudecidetomatchwiththeincompletesentences.Whenhighlightingkeywords,itisoftenagoodideatohighlightanynames,includingplacenames,ordates.Theseareofteneasytofindinthere

33、adingtext.Don/tjustmatchwords.Makesurethemeaninginthereadingtextmatches.StrategyforMatchingSentences.Readthequestioncarefully.2. Readtheincompletesentencesfirst,anddon,tlookattheendingsyet.Trytounderstandwhattheymeanandhighlightanykeywordsespeciallynames,placesordates.3. Predictwhattheendingsmightbe

34、beforelookingatthem.Thinkaboutwhatwordtype(verbs,nouns,adjectives,adverbs)makesthesentencegrammaticallycorrect.4. Lookattheendingsbutnotintoomuchdetail.Trytoseeifthereareanyobviousanswers.5. Eliminateendingsthatdefinitelycannotmatch.Thinkaboutgrammar,collocationsandmeaning.6. Matchtheendingsyouthink

35、mightbecorrect.Writetwoorthreeoptionsifnecessary.7. Findthecorrectpartofthereadingtextforeachincompletesentence.Becarefulwithsynonymsandparaphrases.8. Understandthemeaningofthatpartofthetextandchoosethecorrectanswer.QuestionType#5SentenceCompletionYouwillbegivenanumberOfsentenceswithgapsinthem,andas

36、kedtocompletethesentenceswithwordsfromthereadingtext.Thesequestionsareasmuchvocabularytestsastheyarereadingtests.Theyrequireyoutobeawareofparaphrasing(usingdifferentwordstorepeatasentencesothatithasthesamemeaning)andsynonyms(wordswiththesameorverysimilarmeanings).Skillstested:Understandingwhatsynony

37、msandparaphrasingare.BeingabletoidentifysynonymsandparaphrasesScanningforthecorrectanswer.Commonproblems:Tryingtomatchwordsinthequestionwiththeexactsamewordsinthereadingtext.Notbeingawareofsynonymsandparaphrasing.Notreadingtheinstructionsproperly.Readingthetextbeforetlequestion.Tipsforsentencecomple

38、tionCheckhowmanywordsitasksyoutowrite.Ifitsaysnomorethantwo：youcanwriteoneortwowords.Ifitsaysnomorethanthree,youcanwriteone,twoorthreewords.Sometimesthequestionwillstateusingwordsfromthetext,orzfromthetext,.Inthiscaseyoushouldonlyusewordsfromthetextandnotchangethemorusedifferentformsofthewords.Ifitd

39、oesnotsaythis,thenyouareallowedtochangethewordsaslongasthemeaningisthesame.Whenscanningforyouranswer;makesureyouarethinkingaboutparaphrasingandsynonyms.Rememberthatyouranswershouldbegrammaticallycorrect.Readthequestionsbeforereadingthetext.Findwheretheanswerislocatedinthetextbeforeyoutrytoanswertheq

40、uestion.Remembeowherebeforewhat.Theanswersappearinthesameorderasthequestions.StrategyforSentenceCompletion.Readtheinstructionscarefully,notinghowmanywordsyoucanwrite,andiftheywantyoutoincludetheexactwordsfromthequestionornot.2. Readtheincompletesentencesfirst.Thinkaboutwhatwordformcanbeused,andtryto

41、predicttheanswer.Alsothinkaboutkeywordsandhowtheycouldberepresentedbysynonymsorparaphrasing.3. Locatewheretheinformationislocatedbyscanningquickly.Ifyoucantlocatetheanswerquickly,moveon.4. Readtheincompletesentenceagain.5. Studythereadingtextmorecarefullytoestablishtheanswer.6. Checkyourspelling.7.

42、Repeatwiththeothersentences.Question Type # 6True/False/NotGivenTrue,False,NotGiven,questionsrequireyoutoidentifyifinformationinatextistrue,nottrueornotgiven.Youwillbegivenanumberoffactualstatementsandyouhavetocheckinthetextifittheyaretrueornot.Thisisprobablythemostdifficultquestiontypeonthereadingp

43、aper.Whatdotheymean?Ifthetextagreeswithorconfirmstheinformationinthestatement,theanswerisTRUE.Ifthetextcontradictsoristheoppositetotheinformationinthestatement,theanswerisFALSE.Ifthereisnoinformationoritisimpossibletoknow,theanswerisNOTGIVEN.IELTSWritingAcademyCommonproblems:Notunderstandingwhatotgi

44、ven,means.Spendingtoomuchtimemakingsuretlatitisnotgiven,.Afailuretounderstandexactlywhateachstatementmeans,andthereforebeingunabletoidentifyifitistrueorfalse.Focusingonkeywordsinsteadofunderstandingwhattlestatementasawholemeans.Tips forTrue/False/NGThere will be at least one of all three answers. If

45、you dont have at least one true： one zfalse, or one not given,z you have at least one answer wrong.Don/t skim and scan the text to find the final answer. You will have to read the appropriate part of the text very carefully in order to understand what the author means.Dont look for words that match

46、those in the statements exactly. You should also look for synonyms. Remember that you are matching meaning, not words.Ignoreanythingyoualreadyknowaboutthetopicanddontmakeassumptions.Baseyouranswersonthetextonly.Identifyanywordsthatqualifythestatement,forexample-some,all,mainly,often,alwaysandoccasio

47、nally.Thesewordsaretheretotestifyouhavereadthewholestatementbecausetheycanchangethemeaning.Becarefulwhenyouseeverbsthatqualifystatements,suchassuggest,claim,believeandknow.MoreTipsforTrue/False/NGIfyoucan,tfindtheinformationyouarelookingfor;thenitisprobablynotgiven,.Dontwastetimelookingforsomethingthatisnotthere.Ifyouhavenoideawhattheansweris,putnotgiven*.Youprobablyhavenoideabecausetheanswerisnotthere