美国名人 作家 威廉·福克纳 （1）.docx

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1、美国名人作家威廉福克纳(1)WilliamFaulkner,PartOneplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByRichardThorman2004-12-4(THEME)VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,webeginthestoryofthelifeofafamousSouthernwriter,WilliamFaulkner.Hewroteaboutanimaginaryplaceanddescrib

2、edchangesintheAmericanSouth.(THEME)VOICEONE:WilliamFaulknerwasbornattheendofthenineteenthcentury.ItwasatimewhenthereweretwoSouthsintheUnitedStates.ThefirstwastheSouthwhosebeliefshadexistedfrombeforetheAmericanCivilWarwhichbeganineighteensixty-one.ThisSouthdidnotquestionrules,evenwhenthoserulesdidnot

3、satisfyhumanneeds.ItwasaSouthfilledwithinjusticeforblackpeople.Itheldtheseedsofitsowndestruction.TheotherSouthwasalandwithoutanybeliefs.Itwasaplacewheresuccesswasmeasuredbyself-interest.ThiswasaSouthwhereeachpersonhadlosthisplaceinthegroup.Itwasaplacewherepeopleownedthingsthattheydidnotknowhowtouse.

4、Faulknersawthattheoldbeliefswerenotrightorevenworthbelieving.Andhesawthattheycouldnotprovidejusticebecausetheywerebasedonslavery.YethefeltthatevenwiththeirliesandhalftruthstheoldbeliefswerebetterthanthemoralemptinessofthemodernSouth.VOICETWO:InFaulknersstorycalledTheBearagroupofmenaretalkingafterthe

5、dayshunt.OnemanreadsfromapoembytheEnglishwriter,JohnKeats:Shecannotfade,thoughthouhasnotthyblisszForeverwiltthoulove,andshebefair.,Hestalkingaboutagirl,onemansays.Theotheranswers,Hewastalkingabouttruth.Truthisone.Itdoesntchange.Itcoversallthingswhichtouchtheheart-honorandpityandjusticeandcourageandl

6、ove.Doyouseenow.,TheAmericanwriter,RobertPennWarrensaysaboutFaulkner,Theimportantthingisthepresenceoftheideaoftruth.Itcoversallthingsthatinvolvetheheartanddefinetheeffortofmantoriseabovethemechanicalprocessoflife.,VOICEONE:Faulknerhasbeenaccusedoflookingbacktoatimewhenlifewasbetter.Yetzhebelievestha

7、ttruthbelongstoalltimes.Butitisfoundmostofteninthepeoplewhostandoutsidewhathecallstheloudworld.OneofthepeopleinhisstoryDeltaAutumnsayszTherearegoodmeneverywhere,atalltimes.Faulknersgreat-grandfatheracceptedtheoldbeliefs.HewasoneofthemenwhohadhelpedbuildtheSouth,buthistimewasgone.Nowmoneyhadreplacedt

8、heoldorderofhonor.WhatFaulknersawwasthattherecouldbenoorderatallznoideaofdoingwhatisright,inaworldthatmeasuredsuccessintermsofmoney.VOICETWO:ThisisthechangingSouththatFaulknerdescribesintheareahecreated.HenameditYoknapatawphaCounty.HedescribesitasinthenorthernpartofthestateofMississippi.Itliesbetwee

9、nsandhillscoveredwithpinetreesandrichfarmlandneartheMississippiRiver.Ithasfifteen-thousand-six-hundred-elevenpeople,livingonalmostfour-thousandsquarekilometers.ItscentralcityisJefferson,wherethestorekeepers,mechanics,andprofessionalmenlive.TherestofthepeopleofYoknapatawphaCountyarefarmersormenwhocut

10、trees.Theironlycropsarewoodandcotton.Afewliveinbigfarmhouses,leftfromanearliertime.Mostofthemdonotevenownthelandtheyfarm.ThecriticMalcolmCowleysays,OthersmightsaythatFaulknerwasnotsomuchwritingstoriesforthepublicastellingthemtohimself.Itiswhatalonelychildmightdo,oragreatwriter.(MusicBridge)VOICEONE:

11、WilliamFaulknerwasborninNewAlbany,Mississippi,ineighteen-ninety-seven.Hisfatherworkedfortherailroad.Williamsgreat-grandfatherhadbuiltit.Hisgrandfatherownedit.Whenthegrandfatherdecidedtoselltherailroad,Williamsfathermovedhisfamilythirty-fivemileswesttothecityofOxford.GrowingupinOxford,WilliamFaulkner

12、heardstoriesofthepastfromhisgrandmotherandfromablackwomanwhoworkedforhisfamily.Heheardmorestoriesfromoldmeninfrontofthecourthouse,andfrompoorfarmerssittinginfrontofacountrystore.Youlearnthestories,Faulknersays,withoutspeechsomehowfromhavingbeenbornandlivingbesidethem,withthem,aschildrenwillanddo.VOI

13、CETWO:Faulknerwasagoodstudent.Yetbythetimehewasfifteenhehadleftschool.ExceptforayearattheUniversityofMississippiattheendofWorldWarOnezthatwasthelastofhisofficialeducation.HetookanumberofjobsinOxfordzbutdidnotstaywithanyofthem.Hebegantothinkthathewasawriter.Theninnineteen-eighteenthewomanhelovedmarri

14、edanotherman.FaulknerleftMississippiandjoinedtheBritishRoyalFlyingCorps.HewassenttoCanadatotraintofightinWorldWarOne.ThewarendedbeforehecouldbesenttoEurope.HereturnedtoOxford,walkingwithdifficultybecauseofwhathesaidwasawarwound.,VOICEONE:AthomeFaulkneragainmovedfromonejobtothenext.Hewrotebadpoetry,d

15、rewpicturesthatlookedlikeothermenspictures,andwroteuninterestingstories.Abookofhispoetry,TheMarbleFaunzwaspublishedinnineteen-twenty-four.AyearlaterhewenttotheSoutherncityofNewOrleans,Louisiana.TherehemettheAmericanwriter,SherwoodAnderson.Theybecamefriends.AndersontoldFaulknertodevelophisownwayofwri

16、ting,andtousematerialfromhisownpartofthecountry.HealsotoldFaulknerhewouldfindapublisherforthenovelFaulknerwaswriting.ButAndersonalsotoldFaulknerthathewouldnotreadthebook.VOICETWO:ThebookwascalledSoldiersPay.ItwouldnotberememberedtodayifitwerenotforFaulknerslaterwork.ThesamecouldbesaidofFaulknersnext

17、book,Mosquitoes.MoneyfromthesebooksmadeitpossibleforhimtotraveltoEurope.Heeducatedhimselfbyreadingalargenumberofmodernwriters.AmongthemwastheIrishwriterJamesJoyce.Fromhim,Faulknerlearnedtowriteaboutpeoplesinnerthoughts.HealsoreadthebooksoftheAustriandoctor,SigmundFreud.Fromhim,Faulknerlearnedsomeoft

18、hereasonspeopleactinthestrangewaytheyoftendo.InsteadofremaininginParis,asmanyAmericanwritersdidzFaulknerreturnedtoMississippiandbeganhisseriouswriting.Iwastrying,hesaid,toputthehistoryofmankindinonesentence.LaterhesaidzIamstilltryingtodoit,butnowIwanttoputitallontheheadofapin.HecreatedYoknapatawphaC

19、ountyanditspeople,andgavethemameaningfarbeyondtheirplaceandlives.(MUSICBRIDGE)VOICEONE:Innineteen-twenty-nineFaulknermarriedEstelleOldhamzthewomanhehadlovedsincetheywereinschooltogether.Herearliermarriagehadfailed.ShehadreturnedtoOxfordwithhertwochildren.Theyboughtanoldruinedhouseandbeganthecostlywo

20、rkofrepairingit.Faulkneralsotookonthejobofsupportingtherestofhisfamily.Hislettersfromthistimeonareoftenfulloftalkaboutwhathemustdotosupporthisfamilyandtocontinuetherepairstohishouse.VOICETWO:Faulknersnextbook,nSartoris,presentsalmostalltheideasthathedevelopsduringtherestofhislife.First,however,thebo

21、okFaulknerwrotehadtobecutbyabouttwenty-fivepercent.Faulknerresisted.Hesaidzifyougrowavegetable,youcancutittolooklikesomethingelse,butitwillbedead.YetzwhenFaulknerreadthebookafterhiseditorcutitzheapproved.Heevencooperatedinmorere-shapingofthebook.InSartoriszFaulknerfoundhissubject,hisvoice,andhisarea

22、.HewritesabouttheconnectionbetweenanimportantSouthernfamilyandthelocalcommunity.HedescribeshowtheSartorisfamilyseemstohelpinitsowndestruction.VOICEONE:Inthenextsevenyears,betweennineteen-twenty-nineandnineteen-thirty-si,heseemedtore-inventthenovelwitheverybookhewrote.Getitdown,hesaid.Takechances.Itm

23、aybebad,butthatstheonlywayyoucandoanythinggood.Atthattime,mostnovelsabouttheSouthdescribedalandthatneverexisted.AfterFaulkner,fewnorthernerswerebraveenoughtowriteaboutaSouththeydidnotknow.AndnoseriousSouthernwriterwaswillingtodescribeaSouththatdidnotexist.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThorman.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmFaithLapidus.JoinusagainnextweekfortherestofthestoryaboutWilliamFaulkneronPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.(THEME)