美国名人 作家 弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德 2.docx

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1、美国名人作家弗朗西斯斯科特基菲茨杰拉德2F.ScottFitzgeraldsGreatGatsby:AGreatEventinU.S.Literatureplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:39repeatByRichardThorman2006-1-28(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.Everyweek,wetellaboutsomeoneimportantinthehistoryoftheUnite

2、dStates.Today,wecompletethestoryofwriterF.ScottFitzgerald.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteentwenty-five,justfiveyearsafterhisfirstnovelappeared,F.ScottFitzgeraldpublishedTheGreatGatsby.ItwasamajoreventinAmericanwriting.TheGreatGatsbyisastoryaboutsuccess-Americansuccess-andwhatonemustdotogainit.Itisastoryabo

3、utappearanceandreality.Itisastoryaboutlove,hate,loyalty,anddisloyalty.Thisishowthestorybegins:VOICETWO:Inmyyoungeryears,myfathergavemesomeadvice.Theabilitytodowhatisgoodandrightisnotgivenoutequallyatbirth.Therichandpowerful-whoshouldhaveit-oftendonot.Andthosewhowerebornknowingneithergoodnorright,som

4、etimesknowitbest.VOICEONE:JayGatsby,themaincharacterinthebook,learnsthismorallesson.Hediesattheendofthestory.Yethisspiritsurvives,becauseofhisgreatgiftforhope.Itwasthekindofhope,Fitzgeraldsaid,thathehadneverfoundinanyperson.YetitwashopethatusedGatsbyandfinally,intheend,destroyedhim.Gatsbyisaself-mad

5、eman.Almosteverythingabouthislifeisinvented-evenhisname.HewasbornJimmyGatz.Asachild,JimmyGatzsetsadailyprogramofself-improvement.Thesearethethingshefeelshemustdoeverydaytomakehimselfasuccess.VOICETWO:WhenJimmyGatzinventshimselfasJayGatsby,partofhisdreamofsuccessistheloveofabeautifulwoman.Hefindsthew

6、omantolove-asFitzgeralddid-whiletraininginthearmyduringWorldWarOne.Theotherpartofhisdreamistobeveryrich.That,too,waspartofFitzgeraldsdream.Injustthreeyears,Gatsbygainsmoremoneythanhethoughtpossible.Allheneedstodonowistoclaimthewomanheloves.Inthosesamethreeyears,however;shehasmarriedsomeoneelse.Thest

7、oryofTheGreatGatsbyistoldbyanarrator;NickCarraway.WhenGatsbyseekstorenewhisearlierIovezCarrawaysays,Iwouldnotasktoomuch.Youcannotrepeatthepast.,Gatsbyanswers,Cannotrepeatthepast.Why,ofcourseyoucan!VOICEONE:Forabrieftime,Gatsbyseemstosucceed.Hedoesnotknowthathecanneversucceedcompletely.Thewomanhelove

8、s,DaisyBuchanan,ispartoftheveryrichworldthatFitzgeraldfoundsodifferent.ItisagroupthatdoesnotsharewhatithaswithpeoplelikejayGatsby.Fitzgeraldwrote:VOICETWO:Theywerecarelesspeople.Theysmashedupthingsandcreatures.Thentheyretreatedbackintotheirmoney,ortheirgreatcarelessness,orwhateveritwasthatkeptthemto

9、gether.Theyretreatedandletotherpeoplecleanupthemessestheyhadmade.VOICEONE:ThemesstheymakeinTheGreatGatsbyisatragicone.Theyhitawomanwithacar;andkillher.Gatsbyacceptstheblame,soDaisywillnotbecharged.He,then,iskilledbythedeadwomanshusband.NotevenGatsbysfewfriendscometohisfuneral.Ofallthehundredsofpeopl

10、ewhocametohisparties,noonewillcomewhenthepartyisover.AfterGatsbysdeath,NickCarrawayztheStorytelleosays:VOICETWO:IthoughtofGatsbyswonderwhenhefirstrecognizedthegreenlightattheendofDaisysboatdock.Hehadcomealongwaytothisbluelawn.Hisdreammusthaveseemedsoclosethathecouldhardlyfailtoholdit.Hedidnotknowtha

11、titwasalreadybehindhimGatsbybelievedinthefuturethat,yearbyyear,movesawayfromus.Sowebeaton-boatsagainstthecurrent-carriedbackendlesslyintothepast.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:TheGreatGatsbywasnotthepopularsuccessF.ScottFitzgeraldexpected.Yetotherwriterssawimmediatelyhowskillfulhehadbecome.Hisfirstbooksshowedthath

12、ecouldwrite.TheGreatGatsbyprovedthathehadbecomeanexpertintheartofwriting.Thestoryistoldbyathirdperson.Heisapartofthestory,butherejectsthestoryheistelling.HisanswersarelikethoseheardinanancientGreekplay.Thechorusintheplaytellsuswhattothinkaboutwhatwesee.TheGreatGatsbyisashortnovelwhosewritingshinesli

13、keajewel.ThepictureitpaintsoflifeinAmericaatthattime-theparties,theautomobiles,theendlessfieldsofwasteareunforgettable.VOICETWO:Fitzgeraldwroteatgreatspeedtomakemoney.Yetnomatterhowfasthewrote,hecouldnotstayoutofdebt.Bytheendofthenineteentwenties,theJazzAgehadended.Hardtimeswerecomingforthecountryan

14、dfortheFitzgeralds.VOICEONE:Innineteen-thirtyzZeldaFitzgeraldbecamementallysick.Shelivedmostoftherestofherlifeinmentalhospitals.ScottFitzgeraldalsobecamesickfromdrinkingtoomuchalcohol.Andhehaddevelopedthediseasediabetes.Innineteenthirty-one,theFitzgeraldsreturnedtotheUnitedStatesfromEurope.Zeldaente

15、redamentalhospitalinthestateofMaryland.ScottlivednearbyinthecityofBaltimore.Zeldaliveduntilnineteenforty-seven.Shediedinafireatanothermentalhospital.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-four;Fitzgeraldwroteanothernovel,TenderistheNight.Hethoughtitwashisbest.Manycriticsdisagreed.TheysaidFitzgeraldnolongerrecogn

16、izedwhatwashappeningintheUnitedStates.Theysaidhedidnotunderstandwhatwasimportanttothecountryduringthegreateconomicdepression.TenderistheNighttellsthestoryofayoungAmericandoctorandhismarriagetoarich,beautifulpatient.Intheearlypartofhislife,hebelievesinsuccessthroughhardwork.Slowly,however,hiswifesgre

17、atwealthruinshim.Hisenergyisweakened,hisworkdestroyed.Hiswiferecoversherhealthwhilehebecomesworse.Intheend,sheseemstohavestolenhisenergyandintelligence.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-six,FitzgeraldwroteabookhecalledTheCrack-Up.Itdescribeshisownbreakdown,andhowheattemptedtoputhimselfandhislifetogether.Its

18、eemedaromanticbusinesstobeasuccessfulwriter/hesaid.Ofcourse.Youwereneversatisfied.ButI,forone,wouldnothavechosenanyotherwork.Attheageofthirty-nine,herealizedthathislifehadcrackedintopieces.Itbecameatimeforhimtolookathimself.Herealizedthathehadnottakencareofthepeopleandthingsheloved.Ihadnotbeenaveryg

19、oodcaretakerofmostofthethingsleftinmyhands/hesaid,evenofmyownskills.,Outofthewreckageofhislifeandhealth,hetriedtorebuildhimself.VOICETWO:Fitzgeraldhadalwayswrittenmanystories.Somewereverygood.Otherswerenotgood.Hewrotequicklyforthemoneyhealwaysneeded.Afterhiscrack-up,however,hediscoveredhewasnolonger

20、welcomeatthemagazinesthathadpaidhimwell.So,toearnaliving,hemovedtoHollywoodandbeganwritingforthemotionpictureindustry.Hehadstoppeddrinking.Heplannedtostartwritingnovelsandshortstoriesagain.Itwastoolate.Hishealthwasruined.HediedinHollywoodinnineteenfortyattheageofforty-four.Therewerefewpeoplewhocould

21、believethathehadnotdiedyearsbefore.VOICEONE:Fitzgeraldwasworkingonanovelwhenhedied.HecalleditTheLastTycoon.FitzgeraldsfriendfromPrincetonUniversity,theliterarycriticEdmundWilson,helpedtogetitpublished.WilsondidthesamethingforabookofFitzgeraldsnotesandotherpiecesofwriting,calledTheCrack-Up.Thesebooks

22、re-establishedFitzgeraldsfameasbothanobserverofhistimesandaskilledartist.Thatfamerestsonjustafewbooksandstories,butitseemssecure.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:TodaysprogramwaswrittenbyRichardThormanandproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogram,inSpecialEnglish,ontheVoiceofAmerica.