美国名人 女作家 多西·韦斯特.docx

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1、美国名人女作家多西韦斯特WriterDorothyWest:LastLivingMemberoftheHarlemRenaissanceplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:01repeatByDoreenBaingana2005-9-10(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeSpecialEnglishProgram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Everyweek,wetellaboutapersonwhoplayedanimportantpartinthehistoryandc

2、ultureoftheUnitedStates.Today,wetellaboutthewriterDorothyWest.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:DorothyWestsfirstlongbookwaspublishedwhenshewasmorethanfortyyearsold.Hersecondbookwaspublishedwhenshewasinherlateeighties.YetAfricanAmericanpoetLangstonHughescalledherTheKid.Thismeansachild.DorothyWesthadbeenoneoftheyounge

3、stmembersofthegroupofwritersandartistsoftheHarlemRenaissance.ThiswasacreativeperiodforAfricanAmericansduringthenineteentwentiesandnineteenthirties.VOICETWO:DuringandafterWorldWarOne,thousandsofsouthernblacksmovedtonortherncitiesintheUnitedStates.Theywereseekingjobsandbetterlives.Manysettledinanareao

4、fNewYorkCityknownasHarlem.Manyweremusicians,writers,artistsandperformers.HarlembecamethelargestAfricanAmericancommunityintheUnitedStates.ThemassmovementfromsouthtonorthledAfricanAmericanstoexaminetheirlives:Whowerethey?WhatweretheirrightsasAmericans?Theartisticexpressionofthiscollectiveexaminationbe

5、cameknownastheHarlemRenaissance.Renaissancemeansrebirth.TheHarlemRenaissancerepresentedare-birthofblackpeopleasaneffectivepartofAmericanlife.DorothyWesthelpedinfluencethedirectionandformofAfricanAmericanwritingduringthistime.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:DorothyWestwasborninnineteen-oh-seveninthecityofBoston,Mass

6、achusetts.BothherparentswereborninthesouthernUnitedStates,andmovednorth.Herfatherwasaformerslave.HebecamethefirstAfricanAmericantoownafood-sellingcompanyinBoston.ThefamilybecamepartoftheblackuppermiddleclasssocialgroupofBoston.DorothyWesthadprivateteachers,dancingclasses,andholidaysonMarthasVineyard

7、-anislandoffthecoastofMassachusetts.ShestudiedatBostonUniversityandtheColumbiaUniversitySchoolofJournalisminNewYork.Later,shewoulduseherownexperiencesandobservationstowriteaboutsocialclassintheblackcommunity.VOICETWO:DorothyWeststartedwritingstoriesatageseven.Whenshewasfourteen,shepublishedherfirsts

8、toryintheBostonPost.Afterthat,shewroteoftenforthatnewspaper.Innineteentwenty-six,shewonsecondplaceinashortstorycontestbyOpportunitymagazine.HerstorywascalledTheTypewriter.ItdescribesanAfricanAmericanmanwhohateshisreallife.Hecreatesabetterlifeforhimself-inhisimagination-inordertohelphisdaughterimprov

9、ehertypingskills.VOICEONE:DorothyWestwonsecondplaceinthecompetitionwithZoraNealeHurston.HurstonwasanotherfamouswriteroftheHarlemRenaissance.WestmovedtoHarlem,too.ShewasconsideredalittlesisterbyHurstonandotherwritersandpoetssuchasLangstonHugheszCounteeCullenzandWallaceThurman.MembersoftheHarlemRenais

10、sancegroupwereveryseriousabouttheirart.Westoncetoldareporterthattheyallthoughttheyweregoingtobethegreatestwritersintheworld.VOICETWO:DuringthistimezDorothyWestwroteanumberofshortstories.TheywerepublishedinmagazinesinandaroundNewYork.OnestorywascalledFuneral.AnotherwascalledTheBlackDress,Sheoncesaidt

11、hewriterwhoseworkshelikedmostwastheRussianFyodorDstoevsky.Expertssaysomeofherworkissimilartohis.LikeDostoevskyzshewroteabouttheideaofbeingsavedbysuffering.Shewroteaboutunsatisfiedpeoplewhofeeltrappedbytheirenvironment,orbyracism,orbecausetheyarefemaleormale.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-two,DorothyWestw

12、enttoRussiawithagroupofblackintellectualsandartists.TheywenttomakeafilmaboutracismintheUnitedStates.Thefilm,BlackandWhite,wasnevercompleted.WestremainedinRussiaforaboutayear.Itappearsshedidnotstayforpoliticalreasons,however.ShesaidshewenttoRussiawithLangstonHughesandtheothersbecauseshelikedthem.Sher

13、eturnedtotheUnitedStateswhenherfatherdied.VOICETWO:Bythemiddleofthenineteenthirties,theHarlemRenaissancewasdyingout.DorothyWestwantedtore-capturethecreativityoftheperiod.Soshecreatedamagazinecalled,Challenge.Sheeditedandpublishedtheworksofnew,youngAfricanAmericanwriters.Themagazinelastedonlythreeyea

14、rs.Westdidnothaveenoughmoneytocontinueproducingit.Shealsosaidshedidnotreceiveenoughwritingofahighquality.Themagazinewascriticizedbyagroupofblackwriters.TheyincludedRichardWright,authorofthebookNativeSon/andMargaretWalker.Theysaidthemagazinewastooconcernedwithartisticvalues.Theyfeltitshoulddealwithpo

15、liticalissues.VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-seven,DorothyWestcreatedanothermagazinecalledNewChallenge.SheaskedRichardWrighttohelpher,eventhoughhehadcriticizedherearliermagazine.Thetwowritersdisagreedonanumberofissues,however.Also,Westagainhadfinancialdifficultiesproducingthemagazine.SoNewChallengewaspub

16、lishedonlyonce.Yetthatonepublicationwasveryimportant.ItincludedadocumentbyWrightcalledBlueprintforNegroWriting.ThatwasastatementaboutwhathebelievedAfricanAmericansshouldwriteabout.NewChallengewasthefirstpublicationtobringtogetherblackartandpolitics.Othermagazineswouldfollowitsexample.(MUSIC)VOICETWO

17、:Inthelatenineteenforties,DorothyWestleftNewYork.ShemovedtoherfamilysholidayhouseonMarthasVineyardisland.Shelivedtherefortherestofherlife.Innineteenforty-eight,shepublishedherfirstbook,TheLivingIsEasy.Itispartlybasedonherlifeandonhermother.Itisaboutalight-skinnedblackwomannamedCleoJohnson.Shewishest

18、hatherdark-skinneddaughterweremorelikeher.Shetreatsherhusbandbadlybecauseheisfromalowersocialclass.ThebookdescribesblackmiddleclassvaluesinBoston.Manycriticslikedthebookanditsmessageaboutracismagainstblacksandwithintheblackcommunity.VOICEONE:TheLivingisEasywaspublishedagainbytheFeministPressinninete

19、eneighty-two.Criticsatthattimedescribedthebookasimportantbecauseitshowedthepositionofwomeninthefamilyandinlife.Thebookalsoisvaluedforitsdescriptionofthecomplexrelationshipbetweenamotherandadaughter.TheLivingIsEasyisnowrecognizedashavinganimportantinfluenceonthewritingtraditionOfAfricanAmericanwomen.

20、VOICETWO:Afterherfirstnovel,DorothyWestcontinuedwritingstoriesandshortpiecescontainingherideasondifferentsubjects.Hersecondnovelwaspublishedforty-sevenyearslater,innineteenninety-five.ItiscalledTheWedding.ThestorytakesplaceintheblackcommunityofMarthasVineyardduringthenineteen-fifties.Itisaboutarichy

21、oungblackwomanwhoistomarryawhitejazzmusician.Itdealswithclassandcolorissuesbetweenblacks,andracialissuesbetweenblacksandwhites.Westbelievedthatdifferentracesshouldnotbeseparatedfromeachother.Shealsobelievedinlove.VOICEONE:ShebeganthebookintheNineteen-Sixties.ButshestoppedwritingitwhentheBlackPowerpo

22、liticalmovementgrewstrong.Shethoughtmembersofthegroupwoulddenounceit.ShewasnotactiveinthecivilrightsmovementtoguaranteefairtreatmentforblackAmericans.InNineteen-Ninety-Two,JacquelineKennedyOnassisbegantovisitDorothyWesttohelpherfinishTheWedding.MissusOnassiswasmarriedtoAmericanPresidentJohnKennedywh

23、enhewaskilledinnineteensixty-three.Later;sheworkedforapublishingcompany.ShediedjustbeforeTheWeddingwaspublished.DorothyWestnotedthatthetwowomenlookedverydifferentbuthadworkedtogetherperfectly.ThebookwassopopularthatitspublishersproducedanotheronebyDorothyWest.TheRicher,ThePoorerisacollectionofstorie

24、sandotherwritingsshemadethroughoutherlife.VOICETWO:DorothyWestwasthelastlivingmemberoftheHarlemRenaissance.ShediedinAugust,nineteenninety-eight.Shewasninety-oneyearsold.Notlongbeforeshedied,shewashonoredataspecialceremony.Manydifferentpeoplepraisedherwork.TheydescribedherinfluenceonAmericancultureoversomanyyears.Onesaidzsimply,thatDorothyWestwasanationalgift.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyDoreenBaingana.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndImSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmeri