美国名人 女权运动家和社会改革家 贝蒂·弗里丹.docx

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1、美国名人女权运动家和社会改革家贝蒂弗里丹BettyFriedan:HowSheWasaLeaderintheModernWomensRightsMovementintheU.S.playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:25repeatByJerilynWatson2006-7-29VOICEONE:mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutBettyFriedan.Shewasapowerfulactivistfortherights

2、ofwomen.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:BettyFriedanisoftencalledthemotherofthemodernwomensliberationmovement.Herfamousbook,TheFeminineMystique/changedAmerica.Somepeoplesayitchangedtheworld.Ithasbeencalledoneofthemostinfluentialnonfictionbooksofthetwentiethcentury.Friedanre-awakenedthefeministmovementintheUnitedSta

3、tes.Thatmovementhadhelpedwomengaintherighttovoteinthenineteentwenties.Modernfeministsdisagreeabouthowtodescribethemselvesandtheirmovement.Butactivistssaymenandwomenshouldhaveequalchancesforeconomic,socialandintellectualsatisfactioninlife.VOICETWO:Fiftyyearsago,lifeforwomenintheUnitedStateswasverydif

4、ferentfromtoday.Veryfewparentsurgedtheirdaughterstobecomelawyersordoctorsorprofessors.Femaleworkersdoingthesamejobsasmenearnedmuchlessmoney.Womenoftenlosttheirjobswhentheyhadababy.Therewerefewchildcarecentersforworkingparents.BettyFriedanoncespoketoABCtelevisionabouthersupportforsharingresponsibilit

5、yforthecareofchildren:Ifchild-rearingwasconsideredtheresponsibilityofwomenandmenorwomenandmenandsociety,thenwereallycouldpullupourskirtsanddeclarevictoryandmoveon.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:BettyFriedanwasbornBettyGoldsteininnineteentwenty-oneinPeoria,Illinois.Herimmigrantfatherworkedasajeweler.Hermotherlefthe

6、rjobwithalocalnewspapertostayhomewithherfamily.BettyattendedSmithCollegeinNorthhamptonzMassachusetts.Itwasoneofthecountrysbestcollegesforwomen.Shefinishedherstudiesinpsychologyinnineteenforty-two.AftercollegesheattendedtheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeleytocontinueherstudies.Butherboyfriendatthetimed

7、idnotwanthertogetanadvanceddegreeinpsychology.Heapparentlyfeltthreatenedbyhersuccess.SoBettyleftCaliforniaandherboyfriend.ShemovedtoNewYorkCityandworkedasareporterandeditorforlaborunionnewspapers.Innineteenforty-seven,BettyGoldsteinmarriedCarlFriedanzatheaterdirectorwholaterbecameanadvertisingexecut

8、ive.Theyhadachild,thefirstofthree.TheFriedansweretoremainmarrieduntilnineteensixty-nine.VOICETWO:WhenBettyFriedanbecamepregnantforthesecondtime,shewasdismissedfromherjobatthenewspaper.Afterthatsheworkedasanindependentreporterformagazines.Buthereditorsoftenrejectedherattemptstowriteaboutsubjectsoutsi

9、dethetraditionalinterestsofwomen.Innineteenfifty-seven,Friedanstartedresearchthatwastohavefar-reachingresults.HerclassatSmithCollegewastogatherforthefifteenthanniversaryoftheirgraduation.Friedanpreparedanopinionstudyforthewomen.Shesentquestionstothewomenabouttheirlives.Mostwhotookpartinthestudydidno

10、tworkoutsidetheirhomes.Friedanwasnotcompletelysatisfiedwithherlife.Shethoughtthatherformercollegeclassmatesmightalsobedissatisfied.Shewasright.Friedanthoughttheseintelligentwomencouldgivealottosocietyiftheyhadanotheridentitybesidesbeinghomemakers.VOICEONE:Friedancompletedmorestudies.Shetalkedtoother

11、womenacrossthecountry.Shemetwithexpertsaboutthequestionsandanswers.Shecombinedthisresearchwithobservationsandexamplesfromherownlife.Theresultwasherbook,TheFeminineMystique,publishedinnineteensixty-three.Thebookattackedthepopularideaofthetimethatwomencouldonlyfindsatisfactionthroughbeingmarried,havin

12、gchildrenandtakingcareoftheirhome.Friedanbelievedthatwomenwantedmorefromlifethanjusttopleasetheirhusbandsandchildren.Thebooksaidwomensufferedfromfeelingsoflackofworth.Friedansaidthiswasbecausethewomendependedontheirhusbandsforeconomic,emotionalandintellectualsupport.VOICETWO:TheFeminineMystiquewasah

13、ugesuccess.Ithassoldmorethanthreemillioncopies.Itwasreprintedinanumberofotherlanguages.ThebookhelpedchangethelivesofwomeninAmerica.Morewomenbeganworkingoutsidethehome.Morewomenalsobeganstudyingtraditionallymalesubjectslikelaw,medicineandengineering.BettyFriedanexpressedthedissatisfactionofsomeAmeric

14、anwomenduringthemiddleofthetwentiethcentury.Butshealsomademanymenfeelthreatened.Later;criticssaidherbookonlydealtwiththeproblemsofwhite,educated,wealthy,marriedwomen.Itdidnotstudytheproblemsofpoorwhitewomen,singlewomenorminorities.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteensixty-six,BettyFriedanhelpedestablishNoWthe

15、NationalOrganizationforWomen.Sheservedasitsfirstpresident.Sheledcampaignstoendunfairtreatmentofwomenseekingjobs.Friedanalsoworkedonotherissues.Shewantedwomentohavethechoicetoendtheirpregnancies.Shewantedtocreatechild-carecentersforworkingparents.Shewantedwomentotakepartinsocialandpoliticalchange.Bet

16、tyFriedanoncespokeabouthergreathopesforwomeninthenineteenseventies:Liberatingourselves,wewillthenbecomeamajorpoliticalforce,perhapsthebiggestpoliticalforceforbasicsocialandpoliticalchangeinAmericaintheseventies.VOICETWO:BettyFriedanledahugedemonstrationinNewYorkCityforwomensrights.Demonstrationswere

17、alsoheldinothercities.Ahalf-millionwomentookpartintheWomensStrikeforEqualityonAugusttwenty-sixth,nineteenseventy.ThedaymarkedthefiftiethanniversaryofAmericanwomengainingtherighttovote.Ayearafterthemarch,FriedanhelpedestablishtheNationalWomensPoliticalCaucus.Shesaidthegroupgotstartedtomakepolicy,notc

18、offee.ShesaidAmericaneededmorewomeninpublicofficeifwomenweretogainequaltreatment.VOICEONE:Friedanwantedanationalguaranteeofthatequaltreatment.SheworkedtirelesslytogetCongressandthestatestoapproveanamendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionthatwouldprovideequalrightsforwomen.TheHouseofRepresentativesappr

19、ovedthisEqualRightsAmendmentinnineteenseventy-one.TheSenateapproveditthefollowingyear.Thirty-eightofthefiftystatelegislatureswererequiredtoapprovetheamendment.Congresssetatimelimitofsevenyearsforthestatestoapproveit.ThiswasextendedtoJunethirtieth,nineteeneighty-two.However,onlythirty-fivestatesappro

20、vedtheamendmentbythedeadlinesoitneverwentintoeffect.ThedefeatoftheE.R.A.wasasadeventforBettyFriedan,NOWandotheractivists.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteeneighty-one,BettyFriedanwroteabouttheconditionofthewomensmovement.HerbookwascalledTheSecondStage.Friedanwrotethatthetimeforhugedemonstrationsandothersuche

21、ventshadpassed.SheurgedthemovementtotrytoincreaseitsinfluenceonAmericanpoliticallife.Someyoungermembersofthemovementdenouncedherastooconservative.Asshegrewolder,FriedanstudiedconditionsforolderAmericans.ShewroteabookcalledTheFountainofAgeinnineteenninety-three.Shewrotethatsocietyoftendismissesoldpeo

22、pleasnolongerimportantoruseful.Friedanslastbookwaspublishedintwothousand.Shewasalmosteightyyearsoldatthetime.ItstitlewasLifeSoFar.BettyFriedandiedonFebruaryfourth,twothousandsix.Itwashereighty-fifthbirthday.BettyFriedanoncetoldatelevisionreporterhowshewantedtoberemembered:Shehelpsmakeitbetterforwome

23、ntofeelgoodaboutbeingwomen,andthereforeshehelpedmakeitpossibleforwomentomorefreelylovemen.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyJerilynWatson.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mFaithLapidus.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.YoucandownloadatranscriptandaudioofthisshowatWWW.51VOA.COM.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.