美国名人 女权运动领袖 苏珊·布朗奈尔·安东尼.docx

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1、美国名人女权运动的著名领袖苏珊布朗奈尔安东尼SusanB.Anthony:SheFoughtforU.S.WomensRighttoVoteplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:00repeatByShelleyGollust2005-7-30(MUSIC)VOICEONE:PeopleinAmerica,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.Intheeighteen-fifties,womenintheUnitedStatesbegantotrytogainthesamerightsasmen.Onewomanwasa

2、leaderinthecampaigntogainwomentherighttovote.mStanBusby.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffith.Todaywetellaboutafighterforrightsforwomen,SusanB.Anthony.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Inseventeenseventy-six,anewnationdeclareditsfreedomfromBritain.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasthedocumentwrittentoexpressthereasonsforseekingt

3、hatfreedom.Itstatedthatallmenwerecreatedequal.Itsaidthatallmenhadtherighttolife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.VOICETWO:NoteverycitizenofthenewUnitedStatesofAmericahadoneimportantright,however.Thatwastherighttovote.Atfirst,theonlypeoplepermittedtovoteintheUnitedStateswerewhitemenwhoownedpropertyan

4、dcouldread.Byeighteensixty,mostwhitemalecitizensovertheageoftwenty-onehadtherighttovote.TheFourteenthandFifteenthamendmentstotheConstitutiongaveblackmalecitizenstherighttovote.Theseamendmentswerepassedineighteensixty-eightandeighteenseventy.VOICEONE:WomenwerenotreallyfullcitizensinAmericaintheeighte

5、enhundreds.Theyhadnoeconomicindependence.Forexample,everythingawomanownedwhenshegotmarriedbelongedtoherhusband.Ifamarriedwomanworked,themoneyshemadebelongedtoherhusband.Inaddition,womenhadnopoliticalpower.Theydidnothavetherighttovote.Intheeighteenfifties,womenorganizedinanefforttogainvotingrights.Th

6、eircampaignwascalledthewomenssuffragemovement.Suffragemeanstherighttovote.Americanwomensoughttogainthatrightformorethanseventyyears.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:OneoftheleadersofthemovementwasSusanB.AnthonyofMassachusetts.MissAnthonywasateacher.Shebelievedthatwomenneededeconomicandpersonalindependence.Shealsobel

7、ievedthattherewasnohopeforsocialimprovementintheUnitedStatesuntilwomenweregiventhesamerightsasmen.Therightsincludedtherighttovoteinpublicelections.VOICEONE:SusanB.Anthonywasbornineighteentwenty.HerparentsweremembersoftheQuakerreligion.Shebecameonetoo.TheQuakersbelievedthattherightsofwomenshouldbehon

8、ored.Theywerethefirstreligiousgroupwherewomensharedtheleadershipwithmen.VOICETWO:Asayoungwoman,Susanhadstrongbeliefsaboutjusticeandequalityforwomenandforblackpeople.Andshewasquicktospeakoutagainstwhatshebelievedwasnotjust.Manyyoungmenwantedtomarryher.Butshecouldnotconsidermarryingamanwhowasnotasinte

9、lligentasshe.Sheoncesaid:Icanneverunderstandwhyintelligentgirlsshouldwanttomarryfoolsjusttogetmarried.Manyarewillingtodoso.ButIamnot.Shedidmeetsomeyoungmenwhowereintelligent.Butitalwaysseemedthattheyexpectedwomentobetheirservants,nottheirequals.VOICEONE:SusanB.AnthonybecameaschoolteacherinNewYorksta

10、te.Sherealizedthatwomencouldneverbecomefullcitizenswithoutsomepoliticalpower.Theycouldnevergetsuchpoweruntiltheygottherighttovote.ShewentfromtowntotowninNewYorkstatetryingtogetwomeninterestedintheirrighttovote.Buttheydidnotseeminterested.MissAnthonyfeltthiswasbecausewomenwerenotabletodoanythingforth

11、emselves.Theyhadnomoney,orpropertyoftheirown.Thestruggleseemedlongandhard.Shesaid:AsIwentfromtowntotown,Iunderstoodmoreandmoretheevilwemustfight.Theevilisthatwomencannotchangeanythingaslongastheymustdependonmenfortheirverylives.Womencannotchangeanythinguntiltheythemselvesareindependent.Theycannotbef

12、reeuntiltheyhavethelegalrighttoownpropertyandtokeepthemoneytheymakebyworking.,(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MissAnthonywenttoeverycity,townandvillageinNewYorkstate.Sheorganizedmeetingsinschools,churches,andpublicplaces.Everywhereshewent,shecarriedpamphletsurgingrightsforwomen.SheurgedthelawmakersofNewYorktochange

13、thestatelawandgivewomentherighttoownproperty.HercampaigninNewYorkfailedatthattime.Butelsewherethestruggleforwomensrightswasmakingprogress.VOICETWO:Ineighteenfifty-one,SusanB.AnthonymetElizabethCadyStanton.MissusStantonalsosupportedequalrightsforwomen.MissusStantonhadmanychildren.Sheneededtoremainath

14、ometoraiseherlargefamily.MissAnthonyzhowever;wasnotmarried.Shewasfreetotravel,tospeak,andtoorganizeforthewomensrightsmovement.ThetwowomencooperatedinleadingthefighttogainrightsforwomenintheUnitedStates.TheirfirstimportantsuccesscameineighteensixtywhenNewYorkfinallyapprovedamarriedwomanslaw.Forthefir

15、sttimeinNewYork,amarriedwomancouldownproperty.And,shehadarighttothemoneyshewaspaidforworkshedid.Atlast,MissAnthonyscampaignwasbeginningtoshowresults.Thecampaignspreadtootherstates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:TheendoftheAmericanCivilWarineighteensixty-fivefreedNegroesfromslavery.SusanB.Anthonyfeltthattherewassti

16、llmuchtobedonetogetfullfreedom-forNegroesandalsoforwomen.ShebegantocampaignfortherightforNegroesandwomentovote.TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionwasapprovedineighteensixty-eight.ItgaveNegromentherighttovote.Butitdidnotgivewomentherighttovote.VOICETWO:SusanB.Anthonyledeffortstohavevo

17、tingrightsforwomenincludedintheFourteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution.Hereffortswerenotsuccessful.ThenMissAnthonydecidedtotestthelegalbasisoftheFourteenthAmendment.Shedidthisduringthepresidentialelectionofeighteenseventy-two.Onelectionday,MissAnthonyledagroupofwomentovoteinRochester;NewYork.Twoweeksla

18、ter;MissAnthonywasarrested.Shewaschargedwithvotingalthoughshehadnolegalrighttodoso.VOICEONE:Beforehertrial,SusanB.AnthonytraveledaroundNewYorkstate.Shespoketomanygroupsabouttheinjusticeofdenyingwomentherighttovote.Shesaid:VOICETWO:Ourdemocratic,republicangovernmentisbasedontheideathateverypersonshal

19、lhaveavoiceandavoteinmakingthelawsandputtingthemtowork.Itiswe,thepeople-allthepeople-notjustwhitemenormenOnlywhoformedthisnation.WeformedittogetlibertynotjustforhalfofUS-notjustforhalfofourchildren-butforall,forwomenaswellasmen,Istherighttovoteanecessaryrightofcitizens?Tomymind,itisamostimportantrig

20、ht.Withoutitzallotherrightsarenothing.VOICEONE:SusanB.Anthonywastriedandfoundguiltyofviolatingthelaw.Shewasorderedtopayonehundreddollarsasapunishment.Shesaidthelawwaswrong.Sherefusedtopay.MissAnthonythenledeffortstogainvotingrightsforwomenthroughanewamendmenttotheConstitution.Shetraveledacrossthecou

21、ntrytocampaignforsuchanamendmentuntilshewasseventy-fiveyearsold.Innineteen-oh-fou;shespoketoacommitteeoftheUnitedStatesSenateforthelasttime.ThecommitteewasdiscussingtheproposalforanamendmenttotheConstitutiongivingwomentherighttovote.Sheknewthevictorywouldcome.Butshealsoknewitwouldnotcomewhileshewasa

22、live.VOICETWO:SusanB.Anthonydiedinnineteen-oh-sixattheageofeighty-six.Thirteenyearslater,innineteennineteen,CongresspassedtheNineteenthAmendmenttotheConstitution.Theamendmentstatedthattherighttovoteshallnotbedeniedbecauseofapersonssex.Theamendmenthadtobeapprovedbythree-fourthsofthestates.ItwonfinalapprovalonAugusttwenty-sixth,nineteentwenty.ItwascalledtheAnthonyAmendment,tohonorSusanB.Anthony.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mStanBusby.AndmShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.