美国名人 开发商 詹姆斯·罗斯.docx

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1、美国名人开发商詹姆斯罗斯JamesRousewasalanddeveloperwhobuiltshoppingmallsandaplannedcitynearWashington,D.C.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmFaithLapiduswithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutJamesRouse.HewasadeveloperwhofoundnewwaystoimproveAmericancities.(THEME)VOICEONE:Itwasagraydayinnineteenseventy-th

2、ree.JamesWilsonRousegotoffatraininBoston,Massachusetts.Hehadcometoseeaveryoldbuildingthatwasalmostempty.MisterRouseownedacompanythatdevelopedproperty.Anotherofficialofthecompanywasonthattrip.Theofficialrememberedthatthebuildinglookedterrible.Partofitwasburnedout.Itwasfilledwithholeswhereratslived.Ye

3、t,theofficialsaid:Jimwasveryhappy.Hesaiditwasgoingtobegreat.Themancouldseethingsnooneelsecouldsee.VOICETWO:ThedamagedbuildingJamesRousewasinspectingbecamethebeginningofBostonsfamousFaneuilHall.Repairedandrebuilt,itisanimportantpartofahistoricculturalcenterforstores,ethnicfoodsandstreetperformers.The

4、centerisdesignedtoshowlifeasitwasintheseventeenhundreds.MillionsofpeoplefromallovertheworldhavevisitedFaneuilHall.VOICETWO(CONT):FaneuilHallisjustoneofmanyfestivalmarketplacesthatJamesRousecreatedinthecentersofoldercities.Festivalmarketplacesarelargecentersforshopping,eatingandotherpleasantactivitie

5、s.HebuiltothermajorcentersinNewYorkCity;Baltimore,MarylandandMiami,Florida.HarborplaceinBaltimoreisagoodexampleofJamesRousesfestivalmarketplaces.Intheseventeenhundreds,thelandonwhichtheHarborplacedevelopmentwasbuiltservedasatradecenterforBaltimore.ManyshipssailedtoandfromthisareaoftheeasternAmerican

6、portcity.Overtheyears,however,thisbusy,successfulwaterfrontareachanged.Bythemiddleofthetwentiethcentury,businesseswerefailing.Manybuildingswereemptyandinneedofmajorrepair.TheBaltimorecitygovernmentdecidedtoestablishaplantore-buildthearea.Theplancalledforawaterfrontdevelopmentthatwouldcombinebusiness

7、andpleasure.VOICETWO:JamesRousescompanywontherighttodeveloppartofthearea.TheprojectwastobecalledHarborplace.ThefirstpartofHarborplaceopenedinnineteeneighty.Laterinthenineteeneighties,theRouseCompanydevelopedanotherareacalledTheGalleryatHarborplace.Today,millionsofpeopleeachyearvisitHarborplaceandThe

8、GalleryinBaltimore,Maryland.Theyshopandeatinmanystoresandrestaurants.Theywatchmusic,dancingandplaysperformednearthewater.Andtheyenjoythemixofpeopleandactivitiesthatbringsnewlifetothecenterofthatoldcity.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:JamesRousewasborninnineteenfourteen.Hisfamilylivedinafarmingareaontheeasternshoreo

9、fMaryland.Hisfatherandmotherdiedwithinafewmonthsofeachotherinnineteenthirty.Theylefttheirfivechildrenwithoutmuchmoney.Theparentsowedabankalotofmoneyfortheirhouse.Sothebankwasforcedtotakeawaythefamilyhome.Jameswasabletofindajobtopayforhiscollegeeducation.HelatergraduatedfromtheUniversityofMarylandLaw

10、Schoolinnineteenthirty-six.HebeganworkingforabankinBaltimore.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-nine,JamesRouseandabanker,HunterMoss,borrowedtwenty-fivethousanddollars.Theyformedacompanythatlentmoneytopeoplewhowantedtobuyhomes.DuringWorldWarTwo,MisterRouseservedasanofficerintheNavyinthePacificarea.Afterthewa

11、r,hereturnedtoBaltimore.Hisbusinessgrew.Itrepresentedbanksandprovidedloanstopeoplereturningfromthewarwhowantedtobuyhomes.JamesRousebecamearichman.Duringtheearlynineteen-fifties,healsobecameknownforsocialactionaswellaspropertydevelopment.Hetriedtoimproveapoor,undevelopedareaineastBaltimore.Themayorof

12、thecitysaidhewouldnotOffercompletesupportforaplantorebuildthepoorarea.SoMisterRouseresignedfromacitizenscommitteethatwassupportingtheplan.VOICEONE:Alsointhenineteenfifties,MisterRousebeganaprojectthatbroughthimnationalfame.HebeganbuildingsomeofthefirstenclosedshoppingcentersinAmerica.Hebuiltalotofth

13、eseshoppingmallsinMarylandandotherstates.Eachmallhadstoresandbusinessesinsidealargebuilding.Theywerebuiltoutsidecities,inthegrowinghousingareascalledsuburbs.JamesRousewantedtodeveloplandforthegoodofsocietyandtheenvironment,notjustforprofit.Inthenineteensixties,hedreamedofbuildingacompletenewcitybetw

14、eenWashington,D.C.andBaltimore,Maryland.HiscompanyboughttenpercentofthepropertyinHowardCounty,Maryland.Thecompanyboughtmorethanfifty-sevensquarekilometersoflandfromonehundredfortyseparateowners.VOICETWO:Innineteensixty-three,JamesRouseannouncedthathiscompanywouldhelpbuildanewplannedcommunity.Bycreat

15、ingseparatevillageswithinthecommunity,itwastoseemlikeasmalltown.Eachvillagewouldhaveashoppingcenter,openspacesandhomes.ThenewcommunityofColumbia,Marylandbeganinnineteensixty-seven.Today,morethanninety-fourthousandpeopleliveinthecity.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenseventy-two,threemembersofaWashington,D.C

16、.churchcametovisitJamesRouse.ThethreebelongedtotheChurchoftheSaviour;whereJamesandPatriciaRousehadbeenmarried.ThewomenaskedMisterRouseforadviceaboutcreatinghousingforpoorpeopleintheAdamsMorganareaofWashington.ButMisterRousethoughtpeoplewhoknewnothingaboutdevelopment,moneyorbuildingcouldnotpossiblycr

17、eatelow-incomehousing.VOICETWO:Thewomendidnotgiveuptheirgoal.Instead,theyinvestedmoneytobuytwoapartmenthousebuildingsinAdamsMorgan.Thebuildingswereinterriblecondition.MisterRousehelpedthemgetsixhundredtwenty-fivethousanddollarstocompletethedeal.Healsohelpedthemgetonehundredtwenty-fivethousanddollars

18、torepairthebuildings.Theirprojectwashuge.Peopleworkedfornopayforfiftythousandhourstorepairthebuildings.Workerscleanedoutgarbageandrats.Peoplealsogaveadditionalfinancialhelpfortherestoration.Morethanninehundredhousingviolationswerecorrected.Thecompletedprojectprovidedninetyapartmenthomesforpoorpeople

19、.TheywerecalledJubileeHousing.VOICEONE:JamesandPatriciaRouseservedasadvisorsforJubileeHousing.MisterRouseretiredasheadofhisdevelopmentcompany.Then,innineteeneighty-two,theytookafurthersteptowardhelpingpoorandmiddle-incomepeople.Theyestablishedaneworganization,theEnterpriseFoundation.Theyusedprofitsf

20、romMisterRousescompanytostartthefoundation.ItsgoalistogivepoorpeopleinAmericaachancetoliveinclean,pleasantplaces.Sincethen,theEnterpriseFoundationhasworkedwiththousandsofcommunitygroupsandotherorganizations.Eachyearitprovidesthousandsofneworre-builthomesforpoorandmiddle-incomefamilies.(MUSIC)VOICETW

21、O:ManyexpertssaythatJamesRousehelpedshapethelookoftheUnitedStatesforyearstocome.Innineteenninety-five,PresidentClintongavehimthePresidentialMedalofFreedom.Itisthehighestawardaciviliancanreceive.Hewashonoredforhisworkrestoringthecentralareasofcities.PresidentClintonsaidthatJamesRouseslifewasbasedonas

22、trongbeliefintheAmericanspirit.JamesRousediedinnineteenninety-six.ButtheworkoftheEnterpriseFoundationcontinueswithhelpfromfamilymembers.OneoftheseistheRousesgrandson,EdwardNorton,amovieactor.Hedevelopedaprojecttohelppoorpeopleheattheirhomes.Itisajointprojectwiththeorganizationhisgrandparentsestablis

23、hed.TheinfluenceofJamesRousecontinuestodayinotherways.Developerscontinuetore-buildandimprovepoorareasofcities.AndmillionsofpeoplevisithistoriccenterslikeFaneuilHallandHarborplaceeveryyear.(THEME)ThisprogramwaswrittenbyJerilynWatson.LawanDaviswasourproducer.mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmFaithLapidus.JoinusagainnextweekforPEOPLEINAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.(THEME)