美国名人 摄影家 玛格丽特·伯克·怀特 1.docx

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1、美国名人摄影家玛格丽特伯克怀特1PhotographerMargaretBourke-Whitewasoneoftheleadingnewsreportersofthetwentiethcenturyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:27repeatByShelleyGollust2006-5-13(THEME)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutphotographerMargaretBourke-Wh

2、ite,(burk-white)oneoftheleadingnewsreportersofthetwentiethcentury.(THEME)VOICEONE:Ayoungwomanissittingonherkneesontopofalargemetalstatue.Sheisnotinapark.SheisoutsideanofficebuildinghighaboveNewYorkCity.Theyoungwomanreachedthestatuebyclimbingthroughawindowonthesixty-firstfloor.Shewantedtogetabetterpi

3、ctureofthecitybelow.ThewomanisMargaretBourke-White.Shewasoneoftheleadingnewsreportersofthetwentiethcentury.Butshedidnotwritethenews.Shetoldherstorieswithacamera.Shewasafearlesswomanofgreatenergyandskill.HerworktookherfromAmericasMidwesttotheSovietUnion.FromEuropeduringWorldWarTwotoIndia,SouthAfricaa

4、ndKorea.Throughherwork,shehelpedcreatethemodernartofphotojournalism.Insomeways,Bourke-Whitewasawomanaheadofhertime.Sheoftendidthingslongbeforetheybecameacceptedinsociety.Shewasdivorced.Sheworkedinaworldofinfluentialmen,andearnedtheirpraiseandsupport.Sheworetrousersandcoloredherhair.Yetzinmoreimporta

5、ntways,shewasawomanofandforhertimes.Shebecameinvolvedintheworldaroundherandrecordeditinpicturesforthefuture.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MargaretBourke-WhitewasborninNewYorkCityinnineteen-oh-four.WhenMargaretwasveryyoung,thefamilymovedtoNewJersey.Hermother,MinnieBourkezworkedonpublicationsfortheblind.Herfather,J

6、osephWhite,wasanengineeranddesignerintheprintingindustry.Healsolikedtotakepictures.Theirhomewasfilledwithhisphotographs.SoonyoungMargaretwashelpinghimtakeanddevelophisphotographs.Whenshewaseightyearsold,herfathertookherinsideafactorytowatchthemanufactureofprintingpresses.Inthefoundry,shesawhotliquid

7、ironbeingpouredtomakethemachines.Sherememberedthisforyearstocome.MargaretattendedseveraluniversitiesbeforecompletingherstudiesatCornellUniversityinIthacazNewYorkinnineteentwenty-seven.Shestudiedengineering,biologyandphotography.Shemarriedwhileshewasstillastudent.Butthemarriageonlylastedoneyear.VOICE

8、ONE:MargarettookthenameBourke-Whitezthelastnamesofhermotherandfather.Innineteentwenty-eight,shebeganworkinginthemidwesterncityofCleveland,Ohio.ItwasthenoneofthecentersofAmericanindustry.ShebecameanindustrialphotographerattheOtisSteelCompany.Inthehot,noisyfactorieswheresteelwasmade,shesawbeautyandasu

9、bjectforherpictures.Shesaid:Industryisalive.Thebeautyofindustryliesinitstruthandsimpleness.Everylinehasapurpose,andsoisbeautiful.Whateverartwillcomeoutofthisindustrialagewillcomefromthesubjectsofindustrythemselveswhichareclosetotheheartofthepeople.ThroughoutAmericaandEurope,engineersandbuildingdesig

10、nersfoundbeautyintechnology.Theirmachinesandbuildingshadartisticforms.InNewYork,theMuseumofModernArtopenedinnineteentwenty-nine.Oneofitsgoalswastostudytheuseofartinindustry.Bourke-Whitesphotographicexperimentsbeganwiththeuseofindustryinart.VOICETWO:Bourke-WhitesfirstpicturesinsidethesteelfactoryinCl

11、evelandwereafailure.Thedifferencebetweenthebrightburningmetalandtheblackfactorywallswastooextremeforhercamera.Shecouldnotsolvetheproblemuntilshegotnewequipmentanddiscoverednewtechniquesofphotography.Thenshewasabletocapturethesharpdifferencebetweenlightanddark.Themovementandpowerofmachines.Theimporta

12、nceofindustry.Sometimesherpicturesmadeyoufeelyouwerelookingdownfromagreatheight,orupfromfarbelow.Sometimestheyledyoudirectlyintotheheartoftheactivity.VOICEONE:InNewYork,awealthyandinfluentialpublishernamedHenryLucesawBourke-Whitespictures.LucepublishedamagazinecalledTime.Hewantedtostartanewmagazine.

13、ItwouldbecalledFortune,andwouldreportaboutdevelopmentsinindustry.LucesentatelegramtoBourke-White,askinghertocometoNewYorkimmediately.SheacceptedajobasphotographerforFortunemagazine.Sheworkedtherefromnineteentwenty-ninetonineteenthirty-three.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MargaretBourke-Whitetoldstoriesinpictures,o

14、neimageatatime.Sheusedeachsmallimagetotellpartofthebiggerstory.Thetechniquebecameknownasthephotographicessay.Othermagazinesandphotographersusedthetechnique.ButBourke-White-morethanmostphotographers-hadunusualchancestodevelopit.VOICEONE:Intheearlynineteenthirties,shetraveledtotheSovietUnionthreetimes

15、.Latershewrote:Nothinginvitesmesomuchasacloseddoor.IcannotletmycamerarestuntilIhaveopenedthatdoor.AndIwantedtobefirst.Ibelievedinmachinesasobjectsofbeauty.SoIfeltthestoryofanationtryingtoindustrialize-almostovernight-wasperfectforme.VOICETWO:OnherfirsttriptotheSovietUnion,Bourke-WhitetraveledontheTr

16、ans-SiberianRailway.Shecarriedmanycamerasandexamplesofherwork.WhenshearrivedinMoscow,aSovietofficialgaveheraspecialtravelpermit,becausehelikedherindustrialphotographs.ThepermitorderedallSovietcitizenstohelpherwhileshewasinthecountry.Bourke-WhitespoketogroupsofSovietwritersandphotographers.Theyaskedh

17、eraboutcameratechniques,andalsoaboutherprivatelife.Afteronegathering,severalmensurroundedherandtalkedforalongtime.TheyspokeRussian.Notknowingthelanguage,Bourke-Whitesmiledinagreementateachmanashespoke.Onlylaterdidshelearnthatshehadagreedtomarryeachoneofthem.Herassistantexplainedthemistakeandsaidtoth

18、emen:MissBourke-Whitelovesnothingbuthercamera.VOICEONE:Bytheendofthetrip,MargaretBourke-WhitehadtraveledeightthousandkilometersthroughouttheSovietUnion.Shetookhundredsofpictures,andpublishedsomeoftheminherfirstbook,EyesonRussia.ShereturnedthenextyeartoprepareforaseriesofstoriesfortheNewYorkTimesnews

19、paper.AndshewentbackathirdtimetomakeaneducationalmoviefortheKodakfilmcompany.Bourke-WhitevisitedSovietcities,farmsandfactories.Shetookpicturesofworkersusingmachines.Shetookpicturesofpeasantwomen,villagechildren,andeventhemotherofSovietleaderJosephStalin.Shetookpicturesofthecountryslargestbridge,andt

20、heworldslargestdam.Sheusedherskillinmixingdarknessandlighttocreateworksofart.Shereturnedhomewithmorethanthreethousandphotographs-thefirstwesterndocumentaryontheSovietUnion.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MargaretBourke-Whitehadseenagreatdealforsomeonenotyetthirtyyearsold.Butinnineteenthirty-four,shesawsomethingthat

21、wouldchangeherideaoftheworld.FortunemagazinesentheronatripthroughthecentralpartoftheUnitedStates.Shewastoldtophotographfarmers-fromAmericasnorthernborderwithCanadatoitssouthernborderwithMexico.Someofthefarmerswerevictimsofaterribleshortageofrain,andoftheirownpoorfarmingmethods.Thegoodsoilhadturnedto

22、dust.Andthewindblewthedustovereverything.Itgotintomachinesandstoppedthem.Itchasedthefarmersfromtheirland,althoughtheyhadnowhereelsetogo.VOICEONE:Bourke-Whitehadnevergivenmuchthoughttohumansuffering.Afterhertrip,shehadadifficulttimeforgetting.Shedecidedtouseherskillstoshowallpartsoflife.Shewouldconti

23、nuetakingindustrialpicturesofhappy,healthypeopleenjoyingtheirshinynewcars.Butshewouldtelladifferentstoryinherphotographicessays.Underonepictureshewrote:Whilemachinesaremakinggreatprogressinautomobilefactories,theworkersmightbeunder-paid.Picturescanbebeautiful.Buttheymusttellfacts,too.WewillcontinuethestoryofphotographerMargaretBourke-Whitenextweek.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.OurstudioengineerwasTomVerba.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmBarbaraKlein.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.