美国名人 美国职业棒球大联盟首位黑人球员 杰基 罗宾逊.docx

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1、美国名人美国职业棒球大联盟首位黑人球员杰基罗宾逊1.ifeStoryofJackieRobinsonztheFirstBlackPlayerinMajorLeagueBaseballplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:45repeatByJeriIynWatson2005-4-2WelcometoPEOPLEINAMERICA,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.TodayShirleyGriffithandRichKleinfeldttellaboutamanwhochangedprofessionalbasebal

2、lintheUnitedStates.JackieRooseveltRobinsonwasthefirstblackmantoplayinmodernmajorleaguebaseball.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AfterWorldWarTwo,manyAmericansstillbelievedthatpeopleofdifferentracesshouldnotmix.Insomepartsofthecountry,blacksandwhiteslivedinseparateareasandwenttoseparateschools.Blackswhotriedtochanget

3、hesystemriskedbeingbeatenorkilled.Blackswerenotpermittedtoplayonprofessionalbaseballteamsorinanyothermajorleaguesport.NoblackmanhadplayedforamajorleaguebaseballteamsinceEighteen-Eighty-Four.Inthatyear;Americanbaseballorganizationsagreedtobarblacks.ThatbeganchangingwhenJackieRobinsonplayedhisfirstgam

4、eforNewYorksBrooklynDodgersonAprilFifteenth,Nineteen-Forty-Seven.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:JackieRobinsongrewupinafamilyoffivechildreninPasadenazCalifornia,nearLosAngeles.Hisfatherhadleft.Hismotherdidnotearnmuchmoney,soJackieRobinsonlearnedtomakehisownwayinlife.ItwasinCaliforniathatJackieRobinsonfirstlearnedt

5、heuglinessofracialhatred.Whitefamilieswhodidnotwanttolivenearthemrepeatedlytriedtoforcethemtomoveaway.JackieRobinsonestablishedhimselfearlyasanathlete.HewasastarplayerwhileattendingtheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles.Jackiewonhonorsinbaseball,basketball,footballandtrack.HewasnamedtotheAll-American

6、footballteam.HewasconsideredthebestathleteonAmericaswestcoast.JackieRobinsonleftcollegeearlybecauseoffinancialproblems.HejoinedtheUnitedStatesArmyinNineteen-Forty-OnezduringthesecondWorldWar.HebecamealieutenantafterboxingchampionJoeLouispushedforRobinsontobetrainedasanofficer.However,afterthreeyears

7、,Robinsonwasdismissedfromthearmybecauseheobjectedtoaracialorder.Herefusedtomovetothebackofabus.VOICEONE:InNineteen-Forty-Five,therewerenotmanyjobsopentoablackman,evensomeonewhohadattendedcollege.Robinsonwantedtoplayprofessionalbaseball.Blacks,however;werenotpermittedtoplayinthemajorleagues.So,hedeci

8、dedtoplaywiththeNegroBaseballLeague.TheNegroLeagueteamswerestartedintheNineteen-Twentiestogiveblackpeopleaplacetoplaybaseball.ManyofthebestbaseballplayersintheUnitedStatesplayedintheNegroLeaguesbeforewhiteprofessionalteamsbeganacceptingblackplayers.Theskillsandrecordsofblackballplayerswereasgoodasma

9、jorleaguewhiteplayers.ItwasahardlifeforNegroLeagueplayers.Theytooklongtripsbybus.Theychangedclothesinfarmhousesandsharedbathwaterwithteammates.Manyeatingplacesdidnotservefoodtoblacks.Theyhadtoeatoutsideorontheroad.Andtheywerenotpermittedtosleepathotelsforwhites.Manyplayerssleptonthebus.VOICETWO:Jack

10、ieRobinsonplayedfortheKansasCityMonarchs.ItwasoneofthemostfamousbaseballteamsintheNegroLeague.But,hewasunhappyintheNegroLeaguebecauseofthedifficultlifethere.InastatementfromthebookTheHistoryofBaseball,Nineteen-Oh-Seven/actorOssieDavisexpresseshopeforchangeinthesport.OSSIEDAVIS:Baseballshouldbetakens

11、eriouslybythecoloredplayer-andinthiseffortofhisgreatabilitywillopentheavenueinthenearfuturewhereinhemaywalkhandinhandwiththeoppositeraceinthegreatestofallAmericangames-baseball.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:InNineteen-Forty-FivezJackieRobinsonsignedanagreementwithBranchRickeytoplayfortheDodgers.Rickeywaspresident

12、oftheteam.Hewantedtofindablackplayerwhocoulddealwiththeinsultsandracialpressurehewouldfaceintheleague.Hewantedablackplayerwhowouldshowrestraintatalltimes.RickeythoughtJackieRobinsonwasgoodenoughasaplayerandstrongenoughasapersontosucceed.HemadeRobinsonpromisethathewouldnevershowhisangeronthebaseballf

13、ield.JackieRobinsonacceptedthatcondition.Hesaid:JACKIEROBINSON:IknewthatIwasgoingtobesomewhatoutfrontandperhaps,Iwouldhavetotakealotofabuse.IknewthatthiswasbiggerthananyoneindividualandIwouldhavetodowhateverIpossiblycouldtocontrolmyself.VOICETWO:SomeobserverssaidthatJackieRobinsonwasnotthebestplayer

14、intheNegroLeagues.Otherssaidthathewaschosenforhiscommunicationsskillsandeducationallevelandbecausehewasanestablishedsportsstar.VOICETWO:DavidFaulknerwroteabookaboutRobinsonslife.ItiscalledGreatTimeComing:TheLifeofJackieRobinsonfromBaseballtoBirmingham.Init,hetalksabouttheendofracialdivisionsinbaseba

15、ll.DAVIDFAULKNER:Formanyyears,therehadbeenanactivecampaignagainstsegregatedbaseballledbyNegronewspapereditorsand,strangelyenough,bytheCommunistparty,whichfromthemiddleNineteen-Thirtieson,hadactivelycampaignedagainstsegregatedbaseball.Therewereanumberofpendingbillsindifferentlegislatureschallengingfa

16、iremploymentpractices.ByNineteen-Forty-Five,therewasalotofheatinalotofdifferentareas-professionalbaseballwascertainlyfeelingthat.Robinsoninasensewastherightpersonattherighttime.VOICEONE:ShortlyafterJackieRobinsonsignedtheagreementwiththeDodgers,hemarriedRachelIsum.Theyhadthreechildren.Itwasimportant

17、toBranchRickeythatJackieRobinsonbemarried.HethoughtthatthepublicwouldacceptRobinsonmorequicklyifhewasmarried.HethoughtthatitwouldlessenthefearsofwhitementhatwhitewomenwouldfindRobinsondesirable.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:InNineteen-Forty-Six,JackieRobinsonbeganplayingfortheDodgersminorleagueCanadianteam,theMon

18、trealRoyals.Duringthattime,BranchRickeytestedRobinsonsabilitytodealwithracialpressurehewouldfaceinthemajorleague.InNineteen-Forty-Seven,JackieRobinsonbecamethefirstblacktoplaymodernmajorleaguebaseball.HeplayedfortheDodgersmajorleagueteamzNewYorksBrooklynDodgers.Indoingso,thepressureincreased.Herecei

19、veddeaththreatsonandoffthefield.Duringgames,pitchersthrewtheballathishead.SeveralteamsthreatenednottoplayagainsttheDodgers.And,someofhisownteammemberstriedtohavehimbannedfromtheteam.ItwasnoteasyforRobinsononroadtrips,either.Hewasneverpermittedtostayatthesamehotelsoreatinthesameplacesashiswhiteteamme

20、mbers.VOICEONE:JackieRobinsonhaddifficultyonandoffthebaseballfield,buthedidnotletthatinterferewithhisgame.Hewasagreatplayerandleader,winningtheNationalLeaguesMostValuablePlayerawardinNineteen-Forty-Nine.HealsoledtheBrooklynDodgerstosixleaguechampionshipsandtobaseballsWorldSeriesChampionshipinNinetee

21、n-Fifty-Five.JackieRobinsonhelpedshowthatblacksandwhitescouldlive,workandplaytogether.HebecameanationalherotobothblackandwhiteAmericansbecauseofhisskill,braveryandrestraint.Robinsonssuccessopenedthedoorforotherblackathletestoplayonall-whiteprofessionalteams.Soon,otherblacksbegantoappearonmajor-leagu

22、eteams.BytheendoftheNineteen-Fifties,everymajorleagueteamhadblackandHispanicplayers.VOICETWO:JackieRobinsonretiredfrombaseballinNineteen-Fifty-Sixattheageofthirty-seven.Hebecameabusinessman,apoliticalactivistandastrongsupporterofcivilrights.InNineteen-Sixty-Two,JackieRobinsonwaselectedtobaseballsHal

23、lofFame,anhonorgivenonlytobaseballsbestplayers.HediedinNineteen-Seventy-Two.Hewasfifty-threeyearsold.(MUSIC)ANNOUNCER:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyCynthiaKirk.ItwasproducedanddirectedbyLawanDavis.TheannouncerswereShirleyGriffithandRichKleinfeldt.mMaryTillotson.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.