美国名人 美国前第一夫人 埃莉诺·罗斯福.docx

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1、美国名人美国前第一夫人埃莉诺罗斯福EleanorRooseveltWastheMostInfluentialWifeofAnyAmericanPresidentplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:24repeatByShelleyGollust2005-6-25(MUSIC)VOICEONE:mSteveEmber.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffithwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.Today,wetellaboutthewomanwhowasthemostinfluentialwifeofanyAmer

2、icanpresident,EleanorRoosevelt.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:EleanorRooseveltwasthewifeofAmericasthirty-secondpresident,FranklinDelanoRoosevelt.Shehelpedherhusbandinmanywaysduringhislongpoliticallife.ShealsobecameoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleinAmerica.Shefoughtforequalrightsforallpeople-workers,women,poorpeople,b

3、lackpeople.Andshesoughtpeaceamongnations.AnnaEleanorRooseveltwasborninNewYorkCityinEighteeneighty-four.Eleanorsfamilyhadgreatwealthandinfluence.ButEleanordidnothaveahappychildhood.Hermotherwassickandnervous.Herfatherdidnotwork.Hedranktoomuchalcohol.Hewasnotlikehisolderbrother,TheodoreRooseveltzwhowa

4、slaterelectedpresident.WhenEleanorwaseightyearsold,hermotherdied.Twoyearslater,herfatherdied.EleanorsgrandmotherraisedtheRooseveltchildren.Eleanorrememberedthatasachild,hergreatesthappinesscamefromhelpingothers.VOICETWO:Intheearlynineteenhundreds,manypeoplewereconcernedabouttheproblemsofpoorpeoplewh

5、ocametoAmericainsearchofabetterlife.EleanorRooseveltcouldnotunderstandhowpeoplelivedinsuchpoorconditionswhilesheandothershadsomuchwealth.Aftershefinishedschool,EleanorbeganteachingchildrentoreadinoneofthepoorestareasofNewYorkCity,calledHellsKitchen.Sheinvestigatedfactorieswhereworkersweresaidtobebad

6、lytreated.Shesawlittlechildrenoffourandfive-years-oldworkinguntiltheydroppedtothefloor.Shebecameinvolvedwithotherwomenwhosharedthesameideasaboutimprovingsocialconditions.FranklinRooseveltbeganvisitingEleanor.FranklinbelongedtoanotherpartoftheRooseveltfamily.FranklinandEleanorweremarriedinnineteen-oh

7、-five.Inthenextelevenyears,theyhadsixchildren.VOICEONE:FranklinRooseveltbeganhislifeinpoliticsinNewYork.Hewaselectedtobeastatelegislator.Later;PresidentWoodrowWilsonappointedhimtobeassistantsecretaryoftheNavy.TheRooseveltsmovedtoWashingtoninnineteenthirteen.Itwasthere,afterthirteenyearsofmarriage,th

8、atEleanorRooseveltwentthroughoneofthehardestperiodsofherlife.Shediscoveredthatherhusbandhadfalleninlovewithanotherwoman.Shewantedtoendthemarriage.Butherhusbandurgedhertoremainhiswife.Shedid.Yetherrelationshipwithherhusbandchanged.Shedecidedshewouldnolongerplaythepartofapoliticianswife.Instead,shebeg

9、antobuildalifewithinterestsofherown.Innineteentwenty-one,FranklinRooseveltwasstruckbytheterriblediseasepolio.Hewouldneverwalkagainwithouthelp.Hispoliticallifeseemedover,buthiswifehelpedhimreturntopolitics.HewaselectedgovernorofNewYorktwotimes.VOICETWO:EleanorRooseveltlearnedaboutpoliticsandbecameinv

10、olvedinissuesandgroupsthatinterestedher.Innineteentwenty-two,shebecamepartoftheWomensTradeUnionLeague.Shealsojoinedthedebateaboutwaystostopwar.InthoseyearsafterWorldWarOne,shearguedthatAmericamustbeinvolvedintheworldtopreventanotherwar.Peaceisthequestionofthehour;sheoncetoldagroupofwomen.Womenmustwo

11、rkforpeacetokeepfromIosingtheirlovedones.ThequestionofwarandpeacewasforgottenastheUnitedStatesenteredasevereeconomicdepressioninnineteentwenty-nine.PricessuddenlydroppedontheNewYorkstockmarket.Bankslosttheirmoney.Peoplelosttheirjobs.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:FranklinRooseveltwaselectedpresidentinnineteenthirt

12、y-two.HepromisedtoendtheDepressionandputAmericansbacktowork.MissusRoosevelthelpedherhusbandbyspreadinginformationabouthisneweconomicprogram.ItwascalledtheNewDeal.Shetraveledaroundthecountrygivingspeechesandvisitingareasthatneededeconomicaid.MissusRooseveltwasdifferentfromthewivesofearlierpresidents.

13、Shewasthefirsttobecomeactiveinpoliticalandsocialissues.Whileherhusbandwaspresident,MissusRooseveltheldmorethanthreehundrednewsconferencesforfemalereporters.Shewroteadailynewspapercommentary.Shewroteformanymagazines.TheseactivitieshelpedspreadherideastoallAmericansandshowedthatwomenhadimportantthings

14、tosay.VOICETWO:OneissueMissusRooseveltbecameinvolvedinwasequalrightsforblackAmericans.Shemetpubliclywithblackleaderstoheartheirproblems.FewAmericanpoliticiansdidthisduringthenineteenthirtiesandnineteenforties.OneincidentinvolvingMissusRooseveltbecameinternationalnews.Innineteenthirty-nine,anAmerican

15、singer,MarianAndersonzplannedaperformanceatConstitutionHallinWashington.Butaconservativewomensgrouprefusedtopermithertosingtherebecauseshewasblack.VOICEONE:MissusRooseveltwasamemberofthatorganization,theDaughtersoftheAmericanRevolution.Shepubliclyresignedhermembershiptoprotesttheactionofthegroup.Ano

16、pinionstudyshowedthatmostAmericansthoughtshewasright.EleanorRoosevelthelpedtheperformancetobeheldoutdoors,aroundtheLincolnMemorial.MorethanseventythousandpeopleheardMarianAndersonsing.MissusRooseveltwasalwaysconsideredoneofitsstrongestsupportersofthecivilrightsmovement.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:TheUnitedState

17、swasforcedtoenterWorldWarTwowhenJapaneseforcesattackedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor,Hawaii,innineteenforty-one.MissusRooseveltmademanyspeechesovertheradiopraisingthesoldiersshesawonhertravels.Shecalledonpeopletourgetheirgovernmenttoworkforpeaceafterthewarwasover.FranklinRooseveltdiedinnineteenfo

18、rty-five,soonafterhewaselectedtoafourthtermaspresident.Whenhiswifeheardthenewsshesaid,IammoresorryforthepeopleofthiscountrythanIamformyself.VOICEONE:HarryTrumanbecamepresidentafterFranklinRooseveltdied.WorldWarTwoendedafewmonthslater.TheleadersoftheworldrecognizedtheneedforpeaceSotheyjoinedtogethert

19、oformtheUnitedNations.PresidentTrumanappointedMissusRooseveltasadelegatetothefirstmeetingoftheUN.Anewspaperwroteatthetime:MissusRoosevelt,betterthananyotherperson,canbestrepresentthelittlepeopleofAmerica,oreventheworld.,1.ater,MissusRooseveltwaselectedchairmanoftheUNHumanRightsCommission.Shehelpedwr

20、itearesolutioncalledtheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights.Thatdeclarationbecameanacceptedpartofinternationallaw.VOICETWO:MissusRooseveltspentthelastyearsofherlifevisitingforeigncountries.ShebecameAmericasunofficialambassador.Shereturnedhometroubledbywhatshesaw.Sherecognizedthattheneedsofthedeveloping

21、worldweregreat.ShecalledonAmericanstohelpthepeopleindevelopingcountries.Afewyearsbeforeshedied,EleanorRooseveltspokeaboutwhatshebelievedinlife.Thisiswhatshesaid:ELEANORROOSEVELT:Thislifealwaysseemstometobeacontinuingprocessofeducationanddevelopment.Whatwearepreparingfor,noneofuscanbesure.But,thatwem

22、ustdoourbestwhilewearehereanddevelopallourcapacitiesisabsolutelycertain.Wefacewhateverwehavetofaceinthislife.Andifwedoitbravelyandsincerely,we,reprobablyaccomplishingthatgrowthwhichwewereputheretoaccomplish.VOICEONE:EleanorRooseveltgavethebestshehadallthroughherlife.Peoplearoundtheworldrecognizedtheirlosswhenshediedinnineteensixty-two.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mShirleyGriffith.VOICEONE:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.