美国总统15 亚伯拉罕 林肯（3）.docx

《美国总统15 亚伯拉罕 林肯（3）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国总统15 亚伯拉罕 林肯（3）.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。

1、美国总统15亚伯拉罕林肯(3)AbrahamLincoln:Martyr(PartThree)playstopmutemaxvolume-14:0400:00repeatByKellyJeanKelly18June,2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmericasPresidents.TodayWewillfinishourstoryaboutAbrahamLincoln.HeledtheUnitedStatesduringtheCivilWar.Thatconflictlastedfrom1861to1865.Initzthesouthernstatesofthe

2、ConfederacybattledtheNorthernstatesoftheUnion.Asawartimepresident,Lincolnwasknownforseveralthings.Hewasactivelyinvolvedinplottingthemilitarycampaign.WhenLincolnwasunhappywiththeperformanceofhistopgenerals,hedismissedthem.Healsogreatlyincreasedthepowerofthepresidency,evenbeyondwhattheU.S.Constitution

3、permitted.AndzLincolnstruckattheissueattheheartoftheCivilWar:slavery.HeorderedthatenslavedpeopleintheConfederatestatesbeforeverfree.HisorderiscalledtheEmancipationProclamation.GettysburgSevenmonthsaftertheEmancipationProclamationwentintoeffect,theConfederacyandtheUnionclashedinthebloodiestbattleofth

4、eCivilWar.ThearmyofConfederateGeneralRobertE.Leewasontheoffensive.LeeplannedtomovethefightingoutoftheSouthandinvadetheNorth.HewonamajorvictoryagainstUnionforcesatChancellorsvillezVirginia.ThenhepushedacrossMarylandandintoPennsylvania.AUnionarmyzledbyGeneralGeorgeMeadezmetLee,stroopsnearasmall,crossr

5、oadstowncalledGettysburg.InthefirstdaysofJuly1863-alittlemorethantwoyearsafterthestartoftheCivilWar-ConfederateandUniontroopseachstruggledtoclaimtheterritory.Bothsidessufferedmassivecasualties.ButLeebelievedConfederatetroopswereclosetowinning,andthatMeadehadspreadhissoldiersthin.So,onthethirddayOffi

6、ghtingzheorderedadirectattackonUnionforces.Lee,ssoldiersaimedatthecenteroftheUnionline,positionedbehindstonewallsatthetopofaridge,orraisedarea.Confederatesfirstusedcannonstofireartilleryattheridge.Thenabout15z000Confederatesoldiersbeganmarchingacrossmorethanakilometerofanopenfield.TheUnionsoldiersbe

7、hindthewallsfiredonthem.TheConfederateattackonUnionforcesonJuly3,1863isknownasPickettsChrage.(PhotobyRonCogswell)Atthesametime,moreUnionforcesattackedtheConfederatesoldiersontheleftandright.Inhalfanhour,three-quartersofthesoldiersintheopenfieldhadbeenkilledorwounded.Thousandsmoreoneachsidealsodied.T

8、hesurvivingConfederateforcesquicklywithdrewandwaitedforMeadetoattackagain.ButzmuchtoLincolnsdissatisfaction,hedidnot.Thefollowingmorning,LeeledthesurvivorsbacktoVirginia.Heleftbehind28,000soldiersdead,woundedormissing,morethanone-thirdofhistotalarmy.TheUnionhadsuffered23,000casualties,almostasmany.G

9、ettysburgAddressTheBattleofGettysburgisimportantinAmericanhistoryforseveralreasons.Oneisthelargenumberofkilledandwoundedsoldiers-thelargestuntilWorldWarIIinthe20thcentury.Anotherreasonisbecauseitwasaturningpointinthewar.ItendedLeesinvasionoftheNorthandweakenedhisarmypermanently.Overthesamedays,Union

10、troopswonanothermajorvictoryunderGeneralUlyssesS.GrantinthesoutherncityofVicksburgzMississippi.ThebattlesatVicksburgandGettysburgbegantoturntheconflicttotheUnionsfavor.Finally,theBatleofGettysburgisalmostalwayslinkedtoaspeechLincolngavethere,knownastheGettysburgAddress.Itisonlyabout270wordslong.Buti

11、tisoneofthemostfamousspeechesinAmericanhistory.1.incolnspokeattheopeningofacemeteryforallthesoldierswhohaddiedatGettysburg.Buthealsousedtheeventtospeaktotheentirecountryaboutthewar.HesaidtheconflictwasatestofwhethertheAmericanformofgovernmentcouldsurvive.Thatiszagovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,for

12、thepeople.HealsopointedtotheDeclarationofIndependenceasthecountrysfoundingdocument.Hesaidthenationhadbeenconceivedinliberty.And,hesaidzitwasdedicatedtotheideathatallmenarecreatedequal.Historianshavenotedthat,inthespeech,Lincolnchangedthereasoningbehindthewareffort.Itcontinuedtobeastruggletoreuniteth

13、ecountry.ButaftertheGettysburgAddress,itwasalsomoreclearlyastruggletofreeenslavedpeople.SurrenderatAppomattoxCourthouseIn1864zLincolnwonre-electiontoasecondtermaspresident.HisnewvicepresidentwasSenatorAndrewJohnsonfromtheSouthernstateofTennessee.Attheswearing-inceremony,thepresidentspokeabouttheneed

14、fortheNorthandSouthtocometogetheragainpeacefully.AbrahamLincolngivinghisSecondInauguralAddressinMarch1865Inthatspeech,hisfamousSecondInaugural,LincolncalledonallAmericanstofinishthewar.Heurgedthemtocareforthewounded,thewivesandchildrenofsoldierskilledinbattle,andtoseekajustandlastingpeace.Mostimport

15、antly,LincolnaskedAmericanstoreunitewithmalicetowardnone,withcharityforall.Inotherwords,withrespectandkindness.AfewweeksIaterzthewareffectivelyended.1.incolnsmilitaryplanhadworked.Hehadfinallyfoundtwogeneralswhomhetrusted:UlyssesS.GrantandWilliamT.Sherman.Shermanledacampaignacrossthesouthernstates.H

16、ispaththroughGeorgia,fromthecityofAtlantatothecityofSavannah,wasknownasShermansMarchtotheSea.Themarchdestroyedfarmsandhousesalongtheway.Thedestructionwasterrible.Itwasalsoeffective.TheConfederateArmywasleftwithlittlefoodorcommunication.Atthesametime,GrantsurroundedLee,sarmyinVirginia.GrantcuttheseSo

17、utherntroopsofffromsupplies,too.1.eerealizedhemustsurrendertoGrant-although,hesaid,hewouldratherdieathousanddeaths.ThetwomenmetonApril9,1865atafarmhouseinthetownofAppomattoxCourtHouse,Virginia.Leefamouslyworehisfinestmilitaryuniformandsword.Grantfamouslyworehisfightingclothes,stillmarkedwithmud.1.ee

18、andGrantspokebriefly,thenGrantwrotethetermsofsurrender.AsLincolnhadasked,thetermswererespectfulandgenerous.Leesofficerswerefreetokeeptheirhorsesandtheirweapons,andtheUnionarmywouldgivetheConfederatesoldiersfood.WhensomeUniontroopsbegantoplayavictorysong,Granttoldthemtostop,Thewarisover,hesaid.Thereb

19、elsareourcountrymenagain.FordsTheaterFivedaysafterLeesurrendered,LincolnandhiswifeMarywenttoatheaterinWashington,DC.Toputitmildly,thelastyearshadbeenverydifficultforthem.WhileLincolnwassupervisingthewareffort,bothhisthirdandfourthsonbecamesickwithtyphoid.Theyoungerboyrecovered.Theolderdidnot.WillieL

20、incolndiedintheWhiteHouseatage11.MaryandAbrahamLincolnwerecrushed.MaryLincolnblamedherself;shebelievedGodwaspunishingher.Intheirownways,theLincolnscontinuedtomournintheyearsafterWilliesdeath.AtonepointzLincolnsaidhehopedheandMarycouldfeelhappier.Heurgedthemtohavesomepleasanttimestogether.So,withthew

21、arcomingtoanend,theywenttoalight-heartedplayatFordsTheater.ItwasthenightofFriday,April14z1865-adaythatChristiansweremarkingthatyearasGoodFriday,theanniversaryofJesusdeath.ThetheaterwasnotfarfromtheWhiteHouse.TheLincolnshadseatsinaboxhighabovethestage.Towardtheendoftheperformance,amanenteredtheirboxa

22、ndshotAbrahamLincolninthebackofthehead.Thenthegunmanjumpedtothestage,breakinghislegashelanded.HecalledoutaLatinexpression,SicsemperTyrranis!ItmeansThusalwaystotyrants.Someobserverssaythemanadded,TheSouthisavenged.ThegunmanwasasouthernernamedJohnWilkesBooth.HehadplottedtokillthepresidentafterhearingL

23、incolnsupportvotingrightsforAfrican-Americans.Boothbrieflyescaped,butwaslatercapturedandhanged.1.incolnwastakentoanearbyboardinghouse.Heseemedlifelessandcouldhardlybreathe.Doctorsexaminedhimbutfoundtheycouldnotsavehim.1.incolndiedthefollowingmorning.Hewas56yearsold.TheemotionsofmanyAmericanschangedf

24、romjoyatthecomingendoftheCivilWartoshockandmourning.ThousandslinedupalongrailroadtracksasLincolnsbodymadeitswayfromWashington,DCtohishomeinIllinois.EvenmanySouthernersmournedLincolnsdeath.Theyunderstoodthathewouldtreatthemkindlywhenthecountrywasreunited.AlittlemorethansixweeksafterLincolnsassassinat

25、ion,thelastConfederatearmysurrendered,andthewarwasconsideredofficiallyover.Thecountrywasreunitedandtheprocessoflegallyfreeingenslavedpeoplehadbegun.TheLincolnMemorialinWashington,DCAlthoughtheseactsaretremendouspartsofLincolnslegacy,intimehispublicimagewouldgrowonlylargerandmorecelebrated.Asonewitne

26、sstoLincolnsdeathreportedlysaidzNowhebelongstotheages.mKellyJeanKelly.KellyJeanKellywrotethisstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.WordsandTheirStoriescasualty-n.apersonwhoishurtorkilledduringanaccidentorwarthree-quarters-n.seventy-fivepercentfavor-n.regardedasmostlikelytosucceedorwinconceived-v.thoughtoforcreatedintheminddedicated-v.usedonlyforoneparticularpurposemalice-n.desiretocauseharmtoanotherpersoncharity-n.theactofgivingmoney,food,orotherkindsofhelptopeoplewhoneeditstage-n.araisedplatforminatheaterwheretheperformersstandavenged-adj.havingharmedorpunishedsomeonewhohasharmedyou