美国总统37 吉米卡特.docx

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1、美国总统37吉米卡特JimmyCarter:Outsiderplaystopmutemaxvolume-14:0600:00repeatByKellyJeanKelly26November,2017VOALearningEnglishpresentsAmericasPresidents.TodaywearetalkingaboutJimmyCarter.HisgivennamewasJames,buthelikedtobecalledJimmy.OfficialWhiteHouseportraitofPresidentJimmyCarter(APPhoto/TheWhiteHouse)Cart

2、erwaselectedpresidentin1976.Untilhecampaignedfortheoffice,fewAmericansknewwhohewas.ButCartersaidhislackofexperiencewiththefederalgovernmentmadehimthebestcandidate.AfterwitnessingyearsofproblemsintheWhiteHouse,manyvotersappearedtoagreewithhim.However,Cartersinexperiencealsobecameaproblem.Someoftheiss

3、ueshefacedwerecomplexand,attimes,theyseemedoverwhelming.Afteronlyoneterm,Carterfailedtogetre-elected.Butintime,hispublicimageimproved.HisyearsafterleavingtheWhiteHousearegenerallyconsideredmoresuccessfulthanhistimeinoffice.EarlylifeJimmyCarterwasborninthesouthernstateofGeorgia.Hewastheoldestoffourch

4、ildren.Hisfatherwasabusinessman.Hismotherwasanurse.Thefamilyownedastore,aswellasapeanutfarmandwarehouse.Althoughthebusinessesdidwell,JimmyCartergrewupverymodestly.Hisfamilyshousedidnothaveelectricityorrunningwater.Buthewashardworkingandwantedtobesuccessful.Asaboy,hesavedenoughmoneytobuyfourhouses.He

5、earnedmoremoneybyrentingthemtootherpeople.HealsodecidedtoattendcollegeattheUnitedStatesNavalAcademy.Andintime,hedidso.Carterwasanexcellentstudent.AndhebecameafineNavalofficer.Asamidshipman,Carterworkedononeofthecountrysfirstnuclearsubmarines.Helatertaughtnuclearengineeringtoothercrewmembers.ButCarte

6、rspromisingcareerintheNavyendedafteronlysevenyears.Hisfatherwasdying.Andthefamilyfarmwasintrouble.Carter,hiswife,Rosalynnzandtheirthreesons,decidedtoreturntoGeorgiaandtrytosaveit.Thefirstyearsbackonthefarmweredifficult.Butintime,thebusinessbecamesuccessfulagain.Carterbegantoturnhisattentiontootheris

7、sues.Hebecameinvolvedinhischurch,localschool,hospitalsandlibraries.Whenhehadachancetocompeteforapositioninthestatesenate,hetookit.Asapolitician,Carterdevelopedanimageasanindependentthinkerwhotriedtosavethegovernmentmoney.Healsoactedandspokestronglyagainstracialdiscrimination.InGeorgiaatthetime,manyv

8、otersdidnotagreewithCarterssupportofracialequality.In1966,evenhisownDemocraticPartydidnotchoosehimtobeitscandidatetorepresentGeorgiaintheU.S.Senate.SoCarterbegancampaigningfortheofficeofstategovernorinstead.In1970,hewaselected.AsGeorgiasgovernor,Carterwasknownasasocialandpoliticalreformer.However,hi

9、storianRobertStrongnotesthatCarterdidnotalwaysworkwellwithothersinhisparty.StrongteachesatWashingtonandLeeUniversityinLexingtonzVirginia.HewritesthatsomeGeorgialawmakersbelievedCarterwasarrogant.Hecouldappeartothinkhewasmorallyright,andtheyweremorallywrong.Cartersdifficultyingettingalongwithotheroff

10、icialsprovedtobeoneoftheproblemshewouldlaterface.Butinthepresidentialelectionof1976,manyAmericansseemedtolikethisquality.Thelittle-knowngovernorfromGeorgiadefeatedthesittingpresident,GeraldFord.Carterwon,inpart,bysayingthathewasdifferentthanotherpoliticians.Hewas,hesaidzaWashingtonoutsider.Thensudde

11、nly,Carterwasthebiggestinsiderofall:theAmericanpresident.PresidencyOneofthethingsCarterwantedtodowaschangetheimageofthepresident.Earlierleaders,suchasRichardNixonandLyndonJohnson,hadincreasedthepowerofthepresidency.Nixonhadalsobeenshowntobedishonest,andresignedfromoffice.TheCartersonInaugurationDay,

12、1979CarterpromisednevertolietotheAmericanpeople.Andonthedayofhisswearing-inaspresident,hepurposefullytriedtokeepthingssimple.HewalkedtotheWhiteHousefromtheU.S.Capitolbuildinginsteadofridinginthebackofanautomobile.Hiswife,Rosalynnzworeclothesthatshehadworninpublicbefore.TheNationalFirstLadiesLibraryn

13、otesthatherchoiceofclothingsentamessageofanoldAmericanvalueofthrift-orrespectingmoney,andnotspendingitneedlessly.Whatsheworewasmeaningfulbecausethecountrywasgoingthroughdifficulteconomictimes.TheCarterswantedtoshowthatthenewgovernmentwouldworktocutcosts.Theyalsowantedtoshowthattheyweretheretohelpthe

14、Americanpeople,notenjoythepowersoftheWhiteHouse.Butintheend,theCarteradministrationreceivedpoorratingsinsurveysofpublicopinion.PresidentCarterhadtroubledealingwithU.S.lawmakers,evenwhenhispartywasincontrolofCongress.OneresultwasthatCartercouldnotadvancemanyofhisideasforlegislation.Heappearedineffect

15、ive.Manyhistorianspointoutthat,infact,Carterhadanumberofsuccesses.Hehelpedreducethecountrysdependenceonforeignoil.Hetookstepstomakethefederalgovernmentmoreefficient,andtoimprovetheenvironment.Heappointedanumberofwomenandracialminoritiestotopgovernmentjobs-animportantmoveatatimewhenmanywerepressingfo

16、rwomensrightsandcivilrights.And,inmanycases,Cartersupportedhumanrightscauses,bothintheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.ButthepublicgenerallydidnotseeCarterforhissuccesses.Instead,manyAmericansblamedhimforthecountryseconomicproblems.Somealsodislikedthewayhespoketothem.Inonespeech,Carterblamedthecountrys

17、troublesonwhathecalledacrisisofconfidence.Somelistenerswereoffended.HealsodecidedthattheU.S.wouldnotattendthe1980OlympicGamesinMoscow.ThemovewasmeanttopunishtheSovietUnionforitsinvolvementinAfghanistan.ButmanyAmericansbelievedthemovemostlyhurtyoungAmericanOlympians.Theadministrationalsofacedotherpro

18、blems.Thepresidentwasneveraccusedofwrongdoing.Butotherhigh-levelofficialswere.Sowasthepresidentsbrother,Billy.Asaresult,JimmyCarterspublicimageforhonestysuffered.ThencametheIranhostagecrisis.AmericanswhosupportIranspositioninthehostagecrisisjoinwithIraniansinanti-AmericandemonstrationsoutsidetheU.S.

19、EmbassyinTehran,Dec.15z1979.(APPhoto/MohammadSayad)IranhostagecrisisTheconflictbetweentheUnitedStatesandIranhadalonghistory.OnepartinvolvedtheShahofIran.TheU.S.governmenthadsupportedhisrisetopower,partlybecauseAmericaninterestswantedtocontrolIransoil.ButtheShahseverelyabusedhispower.ManyIraniansresi

20、sted.SomewantedaleaderwhowouldmorecloselyobeyIslamicteachings.In1979,underpressurefromthoseIraniansandothers,theShahfledthecountry.Bynow,hewassufferingfromcancer.So,asahumanitarianact,PresidentCarterpermittedtheShahtocometotheUnitedStatesformedicaltreatment.ThemovemademanyIraniansangry.Inprotest,agr

21、oupofstudentsseizedtheU.S.embassyinTehran,thecapitalofIran.Theytook90people,including66Americans,hostage.Carterworkedhardtogetthehostagesreleased.Hetrieddiplomaticnegotiationsandeconomicrestrictions.Buthiseffortsdidnotwork.Finally,hetriedasecretmilitaryoperation.Hesenteighthelicoptersandateamofspeci

22、alforcestoentertheembassyandrescuethehostages.Butthatoperationfailed,too.Theweatherwasbad.Threeofthehelicopterscrashed.EightAmericanswerekilled.AndthepublicsapprovalofJimmyCarterdroppedevenmore.After444days,theremaininghostageswerereleased.Inexchange,theU.S.governmentagreedtoendsomeofitseconomicsanc

23、tionsagainstIranandpromisednottointerfereinthecountrysaffairs.Noneofthehostageshadbeenseriouslyhurt.ButthecrisiswasthefinalblowtoCarterspresidency.Afewmonthsbeforetheywerereleased,hisefforttoseekre-electionfailed.1.egacyAspresident,Carterdidnotmeetthehighexpectationshehadsetforhimself.Andhefacedsome

24、unusuallydifficultsituations.HispresidencyalsosufferedfromhisproblemscommunicatingeffectivelywithCongress,themedia,andtheAmericanpeople.FILE-InthisMarch26,1979filephotozEgyptianPresidentAnwarSadat,IeftzU.S.PresidentJimmyCarterzcenter,andIsraeliPrimeMinisterMenachemBeginclasphandsontheNorthLawnoftheW

25、hiteHouseastheycompletedsigningofthepeacetreatybButhisfouryearsaspresidentdidleaveseveralmarksontheoffice.ForonezheshowedthattheU.S.presidentcouldhelpothernationsandsidesresolvetheirdisputes.Cartersbest-knownsuccessaspresidentwashishelpnegotiatingtheCampDavidAccords.Theaccordswereapeaceagreementbetw

26、eenEgyptandIsrael.CarterledthetalksatCampDavidinMaryland.Carterseffortstoprotecthumanrightsoverseasalsoinfluencedtheforeignpolicyoflaterpresidents.Intime,hisworkasadefenderofhumanrightshasbecomehismostimportantlegacy.Severalyearsafterleavingthepresidency,hefoundedtheCarterPresidentialCenteratEmoryUn

27、iversityinAtlanta,Georgia.Thecenterseekstopreventandresolveconflicts,enhancefreedomanddemocracy,andimprovehealth.Inadditiontohisworkthere,Carterhashelpedbuildhousesforpeoplewhoneedthem,writtenbooks,andnegotiatedwithworldleaderstotakestepstowardpeace.In2002,CarterreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizeforhiseffor

28、ts.mKellyJeanKelly.KellyJeanKellywrotethisstoryforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.WordsinThisStoryoverwhelming-adj.somethingthatissoconfusingordifficultthatyoufeelunabletodoitnurse-n.apersonwhoistrainedtocareforsickorinjuredpeoplerent-v.toallowsomeonetouse(something)inreturnforpaymentadvance-v.tomoveforwardconfidence-n.afeelingorbeliefthatsomeoneorsomethingisgoodorhastheabilitytosucceedatsomething