ANSI-B92.1-1970(R1993)-SAE美国渐开线花键-中文翻译完整版.docx
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1、SPLINESANDSERRATIONSAsplinedshaftisonehavingaseriesofparallelkeysformedintegrallywiththeshaftandmatingwithcorrespondinggroovescutinahuborfitting;thisarrangementisincontrasttoashafthavingaseriesofkeysorfeathersfittedintoslotscutintotheshaft.Thelatterconstructionweakenstheshafttoaconsiderabledegreebec
2、auseoftheslotscutintoitandconsequently,reducesitstorque-transmittingcapacity.花键轴是一种具有“一系列相互平行的齿、并且齿与轴整体成型”的轴,它与在轮毂上或者装配体上开的键槽相配合。这种装置与“在轴上开槽并且与一组销子或者楔键相配合”的结构相反。后者的结构由于在轴上开槽大大降低了轴(的强度),降低了传递扭矩的能力。Splinedshaftsaremostgenerallyusedinthreetypesofapplications:1)forcouplingshaftswhenrelativelyheavytorque
3、saretobetransmittedwithoutslippage;2)fortransmittingpowertoslidably-mountedorpermanently-fixedgears,pulleys,andotherrotatingmembers;and3)forattachingpartsthatmayrequireremovalforindexingorchangeinangularposition.花键轴主要用在以下三种情况:1)需要在无滑动的联轴器上传递大的扭矩;2)用于向“可滑动的装配组件”或者“固定装配的齿轮组或滑轮副”传递动力,3)用于“要求指定滑移量或转角位置”
4、的配件上。译注Al:“slidably-mounted”例如球笼式等速万向节,万向节同时能转动一定角度;ermancnUy-fixcdgears”例如齿轮变速箱。(凡是带“译注”的,表示洋者的理解,下同)Splineshavingstraight-sidedteethhavebeenusedinmanyapplications(seeSAEParallelSideSplinesforSoftBroachedHolesinFittings);however,theuseofsplineswithteethofinvoluteprofilehassteadilyincreasedsince1)in
5、volutesplinecouplingshavegreatertorque-transmittingcapacitythananyothertype;2)theycanbeproducedbythesametechniquesandequipmentasisusedtocutgears;and3)theyhaveaself-centeringactionunderloadevenwhenthereisbacklashbetweenmatingmembers.具有“直边式齿形”的花键已经适用于多种场合(清查看“用于软拉削加工成型的直边式花键”);然而,“齿侧具有渐开线形状的花键”的使用正在逐步
6、的增长,原因如下:1)渐开线花键传递扭矩的性能超过其他形式;2)可用加工齿轮的技术或设备来加工;3)在内齿和外齿配合情况下产生的反作用力具有自定心功能。译注A2:ParalldSideSplines”指的是矩形花键,文中翻译成“直边式花键”,见6GBII44矩形花锭尺寸、公差和检验;译注A3:oSAEParallelSideSplinesforSoftBroachedHolesinFittings,(指SAEJ499A,种类似GB/T1144的标准。InvoluteSplinesAmericanNationalStandardInvoluteSplines*.Thesesplinesormul
7、tiplekeysaresimilarinformtointernalandexternalinvolutegears.Thegeneralpracticeistoformtheexternalsplineseitherbyhobbing,rolling,oronagearshaper,andinternalsplineseitherbybroachingoronagearshaper.Theinternalsplineisheldtobasicdimensionsandtheexternalsplineisvariedtocontrolthefit.Involutesplineshavema
8、ximumstrengthatthebase,canbeaccuratelyspacedandareself-centering,thusequalizingthebearingandstresses,andtheycanbemeasuredandfittedaccurately.美国渐开线标准:这种花键的成型和齿轮的内外花键类似。通常的成型加工方法是外花键用滚铳刀、搓齿或插齿刀,内花键用拉削、齿轮插齿刀。内花键的尺寸是固定的,外花键根据不同的配合采用不同的尺寸。渐开线花键在近跟处有最大的强度,(键齿)能精确分布和自定心,这样就有相同的支撑力和应力,同时能准确地配合和测量。译注A4:内花键尺寸
9、不变,外花键变,原理等同于基孔制。InAmericanNationalStandardANSIB92.1-1970(R1993),manyfeaturesofthe1960standardareretained;plustheadditionofthreetoleranceclasses,foratotaloffour.Theterm4involuteserration,formerlyappliedtoinvolutesplineswith45-degreepressureangle,hasbeendeletedandthestandardnowincludesinvolutesplines
10、with30-,37.5-,and45-degreepressureangles.Tablesforthesesplineshavebeenrearrangedaccordingly.Theterm“serrationwillnolongerapplytosplinescoveredbythisStandard.在美国渐开线标准ANSlB92.1-1970(R1993)中,保留了许多1960版本的特征;增加了三种公差等级,现一共有四种公差等级。前版中45度压力角使用的术语“渐开线锯齿involuteserration,本版本已经删除。现在版本包含了30度、37.5度和40度压力角的渐开线花键。
11、相对应的表格也做了更新。术语“involuteserration”不再适用本标准。TheStandardhasonlyonefitclassforallsidefitsplines;theformerClass2fit.Class1fithasbeendeletedbecauseofitsinfrequentuse.Themajordiameteroftheflatrootsidefitsplinehasbeenchangedandatoleranceappliedtoincludetherangeofthe1950andthe1960standards.Theinterchangeabili
12、tylimitationswithsplinesmadetopreviousstandardsaregivenlaterinthesectionentitledInterchangeability.”本标准中只有一种齿侧配合情况:第二种情况。在旧标准中的第一种情况由于不太使用已经被删除。平齿根齿侧配合中的大径已经有所变化,并且应用了包含1950和I960版本范围的公差。旧版本的花键术语“interchangeabilitylimitations,己经被新版本的Interchangeability”代替。译注A5:旧版中的配合第一种情况是“较松配合”,第二种情况是“较紧配合参数是CVmin,较松
13、配合的CVmin的值见旧版,这里不讨论,较紧配合的CVmin=0“原来最大实际弧齿槽宽”的计算公式为:SmaX=Smin+Cvmin+m+(具体参数意思看后面章节),删除第一种情况后SmaX=Smin+m+-Therehavebeennotolerancenorfitchangestothemajordiameterfitsection外径配合部分,(与旧版相比)公差和配合情况没有改变。TheStandardrecognizesthefactthatproperassemblybetweenmatingsplinesisdependentonlyonthesplinebeingwithinef
14、fectivespecificationsfromthetipofthetoothtotheformdiameter.Therefore,onsidefitsplines,theinternalsplinemajordiameternowisshownasamaximumdimensionandtheexternalsplineminordiameterisshownasaminimumdimension.Theminimuminternalmajordiameterandthemaximumexternalminordiametermustclearthespecifiedformdiame
15、terandthusdonotneedanyadditionalcontrol.本标准认为影响花键合理装配的作用区域是从齿顶(外花键大圆或内花键小圆)到“渐开线构成圆”之间的那段范围,因此在齿侧配合情况下,内花键大径以“最大尺寸值”出现,外花键小径以“最小尺寸值”出现。“内花键大径的最小值”应大于“渐开线构成圆”的直径,“外花键小径的最大值”应小于“渐开线构成圆”的直径(见后面“FormCircle的定义)。此外,没必要指定额外的控制条件(见“译注B7”)。Thesplinespecificationtablesnowincludeagreaternumberoftolerancelevels
16、elections.Thesetoleranceclasseswereaddedforgreaterselectiontosuitendproductneeds.Theselectionsdifferonlyinthetoleranceasappliedtospacewidthandtooththickness.花键的规格表中,提供了多种公差水平的选择,以适应最终装配需求。选择不同的公差在“弧齿槽宽”和“弧齿厚”中应用。*SeeAmericanNationalStandardANSIB92.2M-1980(Rl989),MetricModuleInvoluteSplines;alsoseepa
17、ge2177.见美国国家标准ANSIB92.2M-1980(Rl989)公制模数渐开线花键,可也参见(原版的)第2177页。译注A6:渐开线花键(也包括渐开线齿轮)所定义的“齿宽”、“齿厚”,都是指瓠度方向上的长度。ThetoleranceclassusedinASAB5.15-1960isthebasisandisnowdesignatedastoleranceClass5.Thenewtoleranceclassesarebasedonthefollowingformulas:在ASAB5.15-1960中使用的基本公差,已经被本标准中公差等级5代替,各关系见下表:ToleranceCla
18、ss4(公差等级4)=ToleranceClass5(公差等级5)0.71ToleranceClass6(公差等级6)=ToleranceClass5(公差等级5)1.40ToleranceClass7(公差等级7)=ToleranceClass5(公差等级5)2.00Alldimensionslistedinthisstandardareforthefinishedpart.Therefore,anycompensationthatmustbemadeforoperationsthattakeplaceduringprocessing,suchasheattreatment,mustbeta
19、kenintoaccountwhenselectingthetolerancelevelformanufacturing.本标准罗列的所有尺寸为最终成品尺寸。因此,在加工过程中必须考虑修正系数,慎重选择加工的公差等级。Thestandardhasthesameinternalminimumeffectivespacewidthandexternalmaximumeffectivetooththicknessforalltoleranceclassesandhastwotypesoffit.Fortoothsidefits,theminimumeffectivespacewidthandthem
20、aximumeffectivetooththicknessareofequalvalue.Thisbasicconceptmakesitpossibletohaveinterchangeableassemblybetweenmatingsplineswheretheyaremadetothisstandardregardlessofthetoleranceclassoftheindividualmembers.Atoleranceclass“mixofmatingmembersisthusallowed,whichoftenisanadvantagewhereonememberisconsid
21、erablylessdifficulttoproducethanitsmate,andthe“average“toleranceappliedtothetwounitsissuchthatitsatisfiesthedesignneed.Forinstance,assigningaClass5tolerancetoonememberandClass7toitsmatewillprovideanassemblytoleranceintheClass6range.Themaximumeffectivetooththicknessislessthantheminimumeffectivespacew
22、idthformajordiameterfitstoallowforeccentricityvariations.本标准中,所有公差等级的“内花键最小作用弧齿槽宽”和“外花键最大作用弧齿厚”的值是相同的,并且有两种配合类型。齿侧配合类,“内花键最小作用弧齿槽宽”和“外花键最大作用弧齿厚”的值相等。这一理念使得根据本标准制造的各种公差等级的单个花键能够互配。一个“混合”公差等级的配合是允许的,这样的优点是在于,一个配合零件的制造难度更小于与它相配的另一个零件。并且,“平均”的公差,也是设计需要。例如,将一个5级和7级公差的害件配合,可以得到一个范围为6级公差的配合。外径配合类,“外花键最大作用弧
23、齿厚”比“内花键最小作用弧齿槽宽”要小,这种配合适用(装配后)的偏心情况。译注A7:“两种配合类型”指的是“齿侧配合”和“外径配合”。(也有的参考翻译成“齿形定心”和“大径定心”)Intheeventthefitasprovidedinthisstandarddoesnotsatisfyaparticulardesignneedandaspecificamountofeffectiveclearanceorpressfitisdesired,thechangeshouldbemadeonlytotheexternalsplinebyareductionoranincreaseineffecti
24、vetooththicknessandalikechangeinactualtooththickness.Theminimumeffectivespacewidth,inthisstandard,isalwaysbasic.Thebasicminimumeffectivespacewidthshouldalwaysberetainedwhenspecialdesignsarederivedfromtheconceptofthisstandard.如果本标准规定的配合不能满足特殊的作用侧隙或压力配合的设计需要,设计更改应只改变(减少或增加)”外花键的作用弧齿厚”或“实际弧齿厚”。本标准的理念就是
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