一轮复习人教必修一unit4earthquake单元测试.docx

《一轮复习人教必修一unit4earthquake单元测试.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《一轮复习人教必修一unit4earthquake单元测试.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在课桌文档上搜索。

1、2. Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A. NigeriahasthelargestnumberofdiabetescasesB. overweightpeopleareathigherriskofinfectiousdiseasesC. theexaminedinformationcomesfromdevelopingcountriesD. industrializationcontributestothespreadoftheWesterndiet答案：D推理推断题。依据其次段最终一句可推知，工业化、人口增长和收入增加造成了西方饮食的广泛传播，故D项正确。3. T

2、hemainpurposeofthepassageisto.A. callonustoprotecttheenvironmentB. warnusofthedangeroftheWesterndietC. remindusoftheimportanceofhealthD. adviseustohaveabalanceddiet答案：B推理推断题。结合全文，尤其是依据文章最终一段最终一句可知，西方饮食有害健康，不利于环境,故作者是想通过该文让人们警惕西方饮食带来的危害。BTbgetanextra14yearsoflife,dontsmoke,eatlotsoffruitsandvegetable

3、s,exerciseregularlyanddrinkalcoholinaproperamount,accordingtoastudypublishedthisMondayinthePUbliCLibraryOfScienceMedicine.Aftertrackingmorethan20,000peopleaged45to79intheUnitedKingdomfromabout1993to2019,Kay-TecKhawoftheUniversityofCambridgeandhiscolleaguesfoundthatpeoplewhoadoptedthesefourhealthyhab

4、itslivedanaverageof14yearslongerthanthosewhodidnt.tWeveknownIbralongtimethatthesebehaviorsaregoodthingstodo,butwevenotseenthebenefitbefore,saidSusanJcbb,headOfNutritionandHealthResearchattheUKMedicalResearchCouncil.tThebenefitwasalsoseenregardlessofwhetherornotpeoplewerefatandwhatsocialclasstheycame

5、fYom.”Studyparticipants（参与者）scoredapointeachfornotsmoking,regularphysicalactivity,eatingfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesadayandrrleratealcoholintake.Publichealthexpertssaidtheyhopedthestudywouldinspiregovernmentstointroducepolicieshelpingpeopletoadoptthesechanges.Butbecausethestudyonlyobsen,edpeopl

6、eratherthantestingspecificchanges,itwouldbeimpossibletoconcludethatpeoplewhosuddenlyadoptedthesehealthybehaviorswouldsurelygain14years.第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分34分）第一节（共12小题：每小题2分，满分24分）ThespreadofWesterneatinghabitsaroundtheworldisbadforhumanhealthandtheenvironment.Thesefindingscomefromanewreportinthejournal

7、Nature.DavidTilman,aprofessorofecologyattheUniversityofMinnesota,America,examinedinformationfrom100countriestoidentifywhatpeopleateandhowadietaffectedhealth.Henotedamovementbeginninginthe1960s.Hefoundthatasnationsindustrialized（工业化），populationincreasedandearningsrose,morepeoplebegantoadoptwhathasbee

8、ncalledtheWesterndiet.TheWesterndietishighinsugar,fat,oilandmeat.Byeatingthesefoods,peoplebegantogetfatterandsicker.DavidTilmansaysoverweightpeopleareatgreaterriskofnon-infectiousdiseaseslikediabetes（糖尿病）andheartdisease.Unfortunatelywhenpeoplebecomeindustrialized,iftheyadoptthisWesterndiet,theyarego

9、ingtohavethesehealthproblems,especiallyindevelopingcountriesinAsia.Chinaisanexamplewherethenumberofdiabetescaseshasbeenjumpingfromlessthanonepercentto10percentofthepopulationastheybegantoindustrializeovera20-yearperiod.Andthatishappeningallacrosstheworld,inMexico,inNigeriaandsoon.And,adietbadforhuma

10、nbeingsisalsobadfortheenvironment.Astheworldspopulationgrows,moreforestsandtropical（热带的）areaswillbecomefarmlandsforcropsorgrasslandsforcattle.Wearelikelytohavemoregreenhousegasinthefuturefromagriculturethanthatcomingoutofallformsoftransportationrightnow.MrTilmancallsthelinkbetweenthediet,theenvironm

11、entandhumanhealth,atrilemma”aproblemofferingadifficultchoice.HesaysonepossiblesolutionisleavingtheWesterndietbehind.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。自然杂志上一篇新的报告表示，西方饮食对人的健康和环境有不良影响，人们应警惕西方饮食带来的危害。1. Accordingtothepassage,moregreenhousegasmightbegivenoffinthefuturefrom.A. transportationB. developingcountriesC. agricult

12、ureD. developedcountries答案：C细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段的最终一句可知，将来更多的温室气体排放可能来自于农业，故选择C项。BcijinghasbecomethefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympicGamesafterbeatingKazakhstansAlmatytoholdthe2022WinterOlympics.FollowingacloseddoorvotebyInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)members,PresidentThomasBachannouncedthatBe

13、ijingisIhewinnerof2022WinterOlympicsduringthe128thIOCSessioninKualaLumpuronFridayafternoon.Withafullypreparedfinalpresentationbyanallstarteam,Beijinghassuccessfullyconvincedthecommitteemembersthatthe2019OlympicshostcityisamorefavoredcandidatefortheWinterGames.ThehighpowereddelegationassuredIOCmember

14、sthatBeijingwasthesafechoicebecauseithadalreadyproveditcouldStagetheGamesandsaiditwouldtakewintersportsintothebackyardoftheworldsmostpopulatedcountry.ChinesePresidentXiJinpingsentaletterofappreciationtoPresidentThomasBachonFridayevening,expressingthankstoIOCforitstrustandsupportinselectingBeijingtog

15、etherwithZhangjiakouasthehostofthe2022OlympicandParalympicWinterGames.TheBritishOlympicAssociation(BOA)congratulatedBeijingonwinning山ebidandbelievedtheChinesecapitalwillhosta“great“WinterOlympics.Thecapitalpromisesasustainable(可持续的)OIymPiCSbytakingfulladvantageofexistingvenues.Anditwilltakeaseriesof

16、measurestodealwithairpollutionforasuccessful2022Games.Bidofficialssaidwinningthehostingrightsforthe2022WinterOlympicswillfuelregionalintegrationbetweenBeijing,TianjinandHcbciProvince,especiallyontransportation,airpollutioncontrolandtourism.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了北京胜利申办2022年冬奥会的状况。1. Whichofthefollowi

17、ngisrightaccordingtothepassage?A. Beijingistheonlycitytohost2022WinterOlympics.B. BeijingisthefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympicGames.C. Beijingisthewinnerof2022WinterOlympicsafterbeatingKualaLumpur.D. IOCmembersheldanopendoormeetingtovoteforthewinnertohosttheWinterOlympicGames.答案：B细微环节理解题。依据

18、文章第一段中的thefirstcitytohostbothSummerandWinterOlympicGameS”可知正确选项为B。2. Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“stage“inthethirdparagraph?A.Floor.B.Level.ttWecantsaythatanypersoncouldgain14yearsbydoingthesethings,saidDrTimArmstrong,aphysicalactivityexpertfromtheWorldHealthOrganization.The14yearsisanaverage

19、acrossthepopulationofwhatstheoretically（理论上）ossible.“Mostpeopleknowthatthingslikeagooddietmatterandthatsmokingisntgoodforthem,“SusanJebbsaid.ttWeneedtoworkonprovidingpeoplewithmuchmorepracticalsupporttohelpthemchange.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。英国剑桥高校的一项探讨表明：不抽烟，多吃水果蔬菜，定期熬炼和适量饮酒，这些好习惯可能会让人的寿命延长14年。4. Whichofthefo

20、llowingdoesntbelongtothefourhealthyhabits?A. Eatingfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesaday.B. Doingproperexerciseinthemorningeveryday.C. Drinkingalcoholintheproperamounteveryday.D. Havingacigarettebeforegoingtobedeveryday.答案：D细微环节理解题。第一段说要使寿命延长14年，就别抽烟，多吃水果蔬菜，定期熬炼，适量饮酒。故选D。5. Wccanlearnfromthepassaget

21、hat.A. SusanJebbdidnottakepartinthestudyB. thestudyObSCrVCdpeopleaswellastestedspecificchangesC. theresnoneedpeopleunder45toadoptthesegoodhabitsD. onlythosefromfirstclasscanbenefitfromthesehealthybehaviors答案：A推理推断题。参与探讨的是剑桥高校的Kay-TeeKhaW和他的同事们，SUSanJebb是养分健康探讨部的负责人，并没有参与该项探讨（A项正确）；第五段说该探讨只视察人，没有检测详细

22、的改变（B项错误）；其次段说该探讨跟踪的是45到79岁的人群，但没有说这个年龄段之外的人不适用（C项错误）；第三段说不管人们来自什么阶层，都能从这些好习惯中受益（D项错误）。6. Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A. Smokinganddrinkingcutsyou14yearsB. HowioliveamuchhealthierlifeC. HowtomakeyourlifelongerthanothersD. Healthyhabitsmaygiveextra14years答案：D标题推断题。全文都在介绍英国的一项探讨，说养成一些好习惯可能会使

23、我们的寿命延长14年。通读全文可知，D项最适合作本文标题。CsnowshoesallowedpeopletomigrateacrossthetopoftheglobefromCentralAsiatoCanada.ThispastNewYearsEvemyoldestsonandIwentsnowshoeingasagreatwaytoendtheyearbygettingtothemountaintop.WeenjoyedasnackatthetopandourdogIndianaroundedoutourparty.Mysontookseveralphotosalongthewayofth

24、eamazingviewstosendthemtohisnewcityfriends.Wearcfortunatetoliveinsuchabeautifulpartofthisamazingcountry.Snowshoeingisagreatactivitytocombineyourexercisewithvisitingwithfriendsandfamilies.Wearlayers,bringwaterandsnacksandgoplayinthesnow.Andyourfriendswillsharetheirenthusiasticstorywithyou.篇章导读：本文是一篇说

25、明文。文率主要介绍了加拿大流行的冬季运动雪鞋健行SnoWShoeing。5. Whydomanypeopleenjoysnowshoeing?A. Becauseitcanforcetheirkneestolifthigh.B. Becauseitcanbenefithealthinmanyways.C. Becauseitcanbeperformedrelativelyeasily.D. BecauseitcanbringIhegreatestpleasure.答案：C推理推断题。依据文章其次段的Thesportbecomespopularbecauseitonlyrequiresyouto

26、liftyourkneesuphigher”可知，雪鞋健行能流行起来是因为这是一项很简单做的体育运动。故选C项。6. Withsnowshoescomingintoexistence.A. snowwasnolongertheobstacleforthelocalB. themeansoftransportfacedgreatchallengesC. theOjibwapeoplepreferredtostayoutsideD. itprovedthatthenativesweremostcreative答案：A细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段可知，土著人独创了雪鞋，使他们在雪中的行走变得简单得

27、多，也就是说雪对他们来说不再是障碍了。故选A项。7. Whatroledoessnowshoeingplayinthelastparagraph?A. Itletsyouknowmoreaboutyourfriends.B. Itstrengthensyourfriendshipwithothers.C. Itremindsyoutodomuchexercise.D. Itisthemaintransporttovisityourfriends.答案：B细微环节理解题。依据文章最终一段可知，雪鞋健行能使你与挚友和家人聚在一起，因此这项活动有助于增进友情。故选B项。C.Celebrate.D.O

28、rganize.答案：D词义揣测题。依据画线词所在句子“Thehigh-powereddelegationassuredIoCmembersthatBcijingwasthesafechoicebecauseithadalreadyproveditCoUldStagetheGameS”以及常识可知，此处表示高级代表团使K)C确信北京是牢靠的选择，因为通过2019年奥运会的胜利举办，已经证明它能组织好竞赛。此处的SIage是动词“组织”的意思。3. WhatwillBeijingdoinordertohostasuccessful2022Games?A. Bcijingwillpreparean

29、all-starteamtowelcometheguestsallovertheworld.B. BeijingwillfuelregionalintegrationbetweenBeijing,TianjinandHebeiProvince.C. Beijingwillmakefulluseoftheexistingstadiumsanddealwithairpollution.D. Beijingwillmakeitselfmorebeautifultoattractthetouristsallovertheworld.答案：C细微环节理解题。依据文章倒数其次段首句中的“takingful

30、ladvantageofexistingVenUCS”以及尾句中的“dealwithairPOlhltion”可知，选项C符合题意。4. Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A. BcijingwinsbothSummerandWinterGames.B. BOAcongratulatedBeijingonwinningthebid.C. All-starteamhelpsBeijing.D. Beijingwins2022WinterGamesbid.答案：D主旨大意题。本文主要讲解并描述了北京申办2022年冬奥会胜利的事。故选D。DAsCanadianswemayh

31、avealove-haterelationshipwithsnow.Welovetheopportunitiesitprovides:skiing,snowboarding,cross-countryandsnowshoeing.Thereareadvantagesofcreatingsnowmen.Thebeautyofsnowseemstoblanketourcommunity.However,youmayhearicyroads,gettingstuckinsnowbanks,temperaturedropping;roofscollapsingfromtheweightofsnowgo

32、inthehatecategory.TofindjoywithwinterIhavetriedvariousactivitiestogetmeoutandplayinginit.Mynewfavoriteforthepast10yearsissnowshoeing.Thesportbecomespopularbecauseitonlyrequiresyoutoliftyourkneesuphigher,whichprovidesagreaterexercisebenefit.AccordingtotheCanadianIconswebsite,snowshoeshavebeenacommonf

33、ormoftransportinthiscountryforhundredsofyearsthankstothecreativityofthenativepeople.TheoldestsnowshoesweremadebytheOjibwapeople.Withthesnowshoestheirdeeppowderysnowwalkingwouldbepossible.Thesnowshoesallowedthemtofloatontopofthedeepsnowbyhavingtheweightofthewalkerdistributedacrossthesurface.TheC. Fis

34、h,incontrast,containsmoreheart-healthyfatsD. DrinkingbeanmilksuppliesthebodywithplantproteinE. ExpertsalwayssuggestpreparingfoodwithaslittleoilaspossibleF. Butmostofusfailtoobtainadequatenutrients（养分）duetoourtroubledlifestylesG. Fibreaidsinstabilizingbloodsugar,controllingappetiteandkeepingthehearth

35、ealthy篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了养成健康饮食好习惯的几种策略。1. F依据首句中的“均衡饮食能增加免疫系统”可知，F项“但是我们大多数人由于混乱的生活方式没能获得足够的养分”与之对应，并引出下句。2. G探讨者举荐早餐吃富含纤维素的全谷类食物，故接下来应当说明纤维素对人体的好处，故选G。3. C该段主要涉及吃正餐的学问，即多吃鱼肉少吃红肉。红肉中含有大量饱和脂肪，故选C项“相反，鱼肉中含有更多的有益于心脏健康的脂肪”与之作对比。4. E该段主要涉及食物烹饪方式建议，从后句中的“蒸、烘、烤、煮或炒”这些烹饪方法可知选E与之匹配。5. A依据后文可知该段主要讲晚上吃大餐会影响消化

36、，再结合上文几个小标题考虑，晚餐少食最佳，故选A。其次部分：英语学问运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JakeOlsonlosthislefteyewhenhewaseightmonthsoldbecauseofaborncancer.itwascontrolledthroughtreatments,itreappearedand2thelossofhisrighteye.Butafteryearsofcheeringforhisfavoritefoot

37、ballteam,Jakehas3theimpossibledream.Hesnowapartoftheteam,despitehistotal4,playingthegamenotbasedonsightbuton5.BeingafanoftheUSCTrojans,oneofJakeslast7beforehelosthiseyewastowatchtheteamplayatNotreDame.Hisstronglikingforthesportdidntgo3一formerUSCcoachPetereachedtheboy,invitinghimtomeetthe9.Inspiredby

38、thoseplayers,Jakehopedtobe0inhisschoolsfootballteam.Atfirsthedidntthinkhewouldbeofanyreal11.butwhenheheardpeoplescheersforfootballplayers,hisloveforfootballstrengthened.SoJake2,thecoach,askingtojointheteam.Thecoachtoldhimto13thenextseason.SoJakespenthistime8. WhatcanWeconcludefromthelastbutoneparagr

39、aph?A. Theauthorisapersonwhoonlyprefersadventure.B. Theauthorssonlikestoshowoffhisability.C. Theauthorfeelsextremelycontentwithhisson.D. Theauthorssontakesgreatprideinthescenery.答案：D推理推断黑。依据倒数其次段的“Mysontookseveralphotosalongthewayoftheamazingviewstosendthemtohisnewcityfriends.“可知,作者的儿子认为这里的景色特别美，于是拍

40、照并将照片送给城里的新挚友，想与挚友们共享美景。故选D项。其次节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分IO分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Allofusknowthatabalanceddietstrengthenstheimmunesystem.Thefollowingstrategieswillhelpyoutojumpstarthealthyeatinghabits.Morningmust-havesResearchersatHarvardMedicalSchooldiscoveredthatpeoplewhotookdailybreakfas

41、twereathirdlesslikelytobecomeobese（肥胖的）thanthosewhoskippedthismeal.Tbenjoythemostbenefits,theresearchersrecommendedeatingwhole-grainfoodsforbreakfastastheyarcrichinfibre.2.MainmealwisdomIfyouneedtoconsumemeat,choosefishinsteadofredmeat.Studieshavelinkedhighconsumptionofredmeatwithcancerssuchasbreast

42、andcolorectalcanceraswellasheartdiseasemainlybecauseredmeatisveryhighinsaturated（饱和的）fats.3.Foodpreparation4.Assuch,cookingmethodssuchassteaming,baking,grilling,boilingorstir-fryingarcadvised.工Somepeopleliketoeatalargemealafteraharddayswork.However,largemealslateatnightcancauseindigestionthatinfluen

43、cessleep.SoitisaverygoodideatohaveaIowcaloriefibredrinkjustbeforeleavingtheoffice.Itisalsonotagoodideatoregularlyhavealate-nightmealasthiscouldoverburdenthedigestivesystem.A. Remember,minorchangesinoureatinghabitscanleadtomajorchangesinourhealth.B. 1.ightnightsC. Fewernightsnacks答案：B依据语境及上文的“yearsof

44、cheeringforhisfavoritefootballIeam”可知，此处指作为USCTrojanS球队的忠实(faithful)粉丝，Jake在失去视力之前最终的愿望之一是观看球队在NotreDame的竞赛。7. A.chancesB.promisesC.coursesD.wishes答案：D此处指Jakc在失去视力之前最终的愿望(WiSheS)之一是观看球队在NotreDame的竞赛。故选D。8. A.unnoticedB.unsolvedC.unreportedD.unlimited答案：A依据下文的“formerUSCcoachPetereachedtheboy,inviting

45、himto”可知，此处指Jake对运动的酷爱并不是不被留意的。UnnOtiCed”未被留意的，被忽视的故选A09. AJeadersB.playersC.fansD.coaches答案：B依据语境及上文提到的Jake是球队的忠实粉丝以及想观看球队竞赛的内容可知，此处应是指教练Pete邀请Jake跟球员们(PIayerS)见面。下文中的“InspiredbythosePlayerS”是关键的提示信息。故选B。10. A.occupiedB.involvedC.trappedD.absorbed答案：B受到那些球员们的鼓舞，Jake希望自己能加入学校的橄榄球队。beinvolvedin是固定搭配，

46、意为“参与，参与”。B. hope11. AJnterestC. useD.concern答案：C此处指尽管Jake想加入学校的橄榄球队，但是因为自身有残疾，Jake最初觉得自己加入球队并不会有什么实际的用处(USe)。beofuse=beusefulo故选CoB. appreciatedD. greeted12. A.approachedC.recognized答案：A Jake找了教练,恳求加入球队 approach”靠近，接洽B. set outD. come back13. A.pullthroughC.IeaVeOff答案：D依据下文的“lhenextseason.hebecamea

47、starterontheteaminthenextSeaSOn”可知，此处指教练叫Jake下个赛季再回来。B. Finally14. A.Graduallypracticinghard.14,hebecameastarterontheteaminthenextseason.Havingmadehishighschoolfootballteam,itdidntseemtoo15todothesameincollege.CoachSteveagreedthatJake16therequirementsoftheteam.SoJakesdreamcametrue.17football,Jakeisa

48、lsoamotivationalspeaker.IwentintofootballwiththethoughtthatIhadnothingto18,Jakcsaid.*Ireallyhadnofear.Goingthrough19inlifedoesmakeyoustronger.Lifesunfair,butits20menottogiveupandkeepfighting.”篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。JakeOISon双目失明，但这并没有阻挡他对运动的酷爱。他相继成为中学和高校橄榄球队的队员，并且他还是一位励志演讲人。1. A.UnlessB.ThoughC.OnlyifD.Nowthat答案：B依据下文的itwascontrolledthroughtreatments,itreappeared可知，此处指尽管(ThoUgh)经过治疗，癌症被限制住了，但是它还是复发了，主从句之间存在让步关系。故选B。2. A.backedoffB.heldbackC.bro